Paw Paw Formation

Geological formation in Texas
Paw Paw Formation
Stratigraphic range: Late Albian
~105–100 Ma
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TypeGeological formation
Unit ofComanche & Washita Groups
Lithology
PrimaryMudstone
Location
Coordinates
Paw Paw Formation is located in the United States
Paw Paw Formation
Paw Paw Formation (the United States)
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Paw Paw Formation is located in Texas
Paw Paw Formation
Paw Paw Formation (Texas)
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The Paw Paw Formation is a geological formation in Texas whose strata date back to the late Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Fossil content

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon Ootaxon Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.

Reptiles

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs reported from the Paw Paw Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Nodosauridae indet.[1][2] Indeterminate Tarrant County, Texas Humerus, ilia, scapulocoracoid and specimen representing a baby Nodosaurid remains that cannot be compared with Pawpawsaurus due to lack of overlapping elements.
Pawpawsaurus[1] P. campbelli Tarrant County, Texas Complete skull A nodosaurid
Texasetes[3] T. pleurohalio Blue Mound Partial skeleton A nodosaurid

Pterosaurs

Pterosaurs reported from the Paw Paw Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Coloborhynchus[4] C. wadleighi SMU locality 263 Jaw elements Species moved to the genus Uktenadactylus
Tapejarinae indet.[5] Indeterminate SMU locality 263 Incomplete right metatarsal Tapejarid bone with signs of scavenging by fish and sharks
Uktenadactylus[4][6] U. wadleighi SMU locality 263 Jaw elements An anhanguerid

Turtles

Turtles reported from the Paw Paw Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Testudines indet.[2] Indeterminate SMU locality 241 Remains of a turtle

Fish

Bony fish

Bony fish reported from the Paw Paw Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Allocyclostoma[7] A. alienus Juniper Point locality 3 otoliths A beardfish
Apateodus[7] A. sp. Juniper Point locality 6 otoliths An aulopiform
Argentina?[7] A. texana Juniper Point locality 49 otoliths An argentine
Elopothrissus[7] E. pawpawensis Juniper Point locality 139 otoliths A bonefish
Genartina[7] G. princeps Juniper Point locality 486 otoliths A fish of uncertain classification
Ichthyodectiformes indet.[2] Indeterminate SMU locality 241 Represents either Saurodon sp. or Saurocephalus sp.
Ichthyotringa[7] I.? cuneata Juniper Point locality 12 otoliths An aulopiform
I. sp. Juniper Point locality An otolith An aulopiform
Paraulopus[7] P.? wichitae Juniper Point locality 6 otoliths An aulopiform
Pteralbula[7] P. galtina Juniper Point locality 7 otoliths A bonefish
Teleostei incertae sedis[7] Indeterminate Juniper Point locality 3 otoliths Teleost fish remains
Texoma[7] T. cyclogaster Juniper Point locality 5 otoliths A beardfish

Cartilaginous fish

Cartilaginous fish reported from the Paw Paw Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Cretalamna[2][8] C. appendiculata Teeth An otodontid shark
Cretodus[8] C. semiplicatus Roanoke 15 teeth A mackerel shark
Cretoxyrhina[9] C. vraconensis Northeast Texas Seven teeth A mackerel shark
Leptostyrax[2][8] L. macrorhizus Nine teeth A mackerel shark
Paraisurus[2][8] P. compressus
  • Roanoke
  • SMU locality 241
 Incomplete tooth A mackerel shark
Protolamna[8] P. roanokeensis Roanoke Teeth A mackerel shark
Pseudohypolophus[2] P. sp. SMU locality 241 A ray
Squalicorax[2][8][10][11] S. aff. S. baharijensis A tooth An anacoracid shark
S. pawpawensis Teeth An anacoracid shark
S. priscoserratus Teeth An anacoracid shark
S. volgensis Roanoke Teeth Material reassigned to S. pawpawensis
S. sp. Teeth Material reassigned to S. pawpawensis

Invertebrates

Arthropods

Arthropods reported from the Paw Paw Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Acanthaxius[12] A. carinatus Near Fort Worth Several specimens An axiid
Axiopsis[12] A. pawpawensis Near Fort Worth One specimen An axiid
A. sampsonumae Near Fort Worth One specimen An axiid
A. spinifera Near Fort Worth One specimen An axiid
Dawsonius[12] D. tigris Near Fort Worth Several specimens A ctenochelid
Linuparus[2] L. adkinsi SMU locality 241 A spiny lobster
Marylyreidus[13] M. punctatus Tarrant County 3 specimens A lyreidid crab
Meticonaxius[12] M. rhacheochir Near Fort Worth One specimen A micheleid
Nodosculda[14] N. fisherorum Near Fort Worth Several specimens A mantis shrimp
Paraxiopsis[12] P. erugatus Near Fort Worth Several specimens An axiid
P. texensis Near Fort Worth Several specimens An axiid
Raninella[2] R. sp. SMU locality 241 A frog crab
Xanthosia[2] X. aspera SMU locality 241 An etyiid crab
X. wintoni SMU locality 241 An etyiid crab

Bivalves

Bivalves reported from the Paw Paw Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Lima[2] L. sp. SMU locality 241 A limid
Lopha[2] L. quadriplicata SMU locality 241 An ostreid
Neithea[2] N. sp. SMU locality 241 A neitheid
Stearnsia[2] S. robbinsi SMU locality 241 A crassatellid
Texigryphaea[2] T. washitaensis SMU locality 241 A gryphaeid
Trigonia[2] T. clavigera? SMU locality 241 A trigoniid

Cephalopods

Cephalopods reported from the Paw Paw Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Engonoceras[2] E. sp. SMU locality 241 An ammonite

Echinoderms

Echinoderms reported from the Paw Paw Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Asteroidea indet.[2] Indeterminate SMU locality 241 A starfish
Echinoidea indet.[2] Indeterminate SMU locality 241 A sea urchin
Poecilocrinus[2] P. dispandus SMU locality 241 A crinoid

Gastropods

Gastropods reported from the Paw Paw Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Turritella[2] T. sp. SMU locality 241 A turritellid

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Lee, Yuong-Nam (1996-06-05). "A new nodosaurid ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Paw Paw Formation (Late Albian) of Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 16 (2): 232–245. doi:10.1080/02724634.1996.10011311. ISSN 0272-4634.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Jacobs, Louis; Winkler, Dale; Murry, Phillip; Maurice, John (1996). "A nodosaurid scuteling from the Texas shore of the Western Interior Seaway". In Carpenter, Kenneth; Hirsch, Karl F.; Horner, John R. (eds.). Dinosaur eggs and babies (1 ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 337–346. ISBN 978-0-521-56723-7.
  3. ^ Jr., Walter P. Coombs (1995). "A New Nodosaurid Ankylosaur (Dinosauria: Ornithischia) from the Lower Cretaceous of Texas". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 15 (2): 298–312. ISSN 0272-4634.
  4. ^ a b Lee, Yuong-Nam; Lee, Yuong-Nam (1995). "The Early Cretaceous pterodactyloid pterosaur Coloborhynchus from North America". Palaeontology. 37: 755–763.
  5. ^ Mull, Olivia K.; Bennett, S. Christopher (2023-07-31). "Tapejarine pterosaur from the late Albian Paw Paw Formation of Texas, USA, with extensive feeding traces of multiple scavengers". Historical Biology: 1–6. doi:10.1080/08912963.2023.2241044. ISSN 0891-2963.
  6. ^ Rodrigues, Taissa (2008-12-31). "Review of the pterodactyloid pterosaur Coloborhynchus". Zitteliana. B28: 219–228.
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Schwarzhans, Werner; Stringer, Gary L.; Welton, Bruce (December 2022). "Oldest Teleostean Otolith Assemblage from North America (Pawpaw Formation, Lower Cretaceous, upper Albian, northeast Texas, USA)". Cretaceous Research. 140: 105307. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2022.105307. ISSN 0195-6671.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Cappetta, Henri; Gerard, Case (1999). "Additions aux faunes de sélaciens du Crétacé du Texas (Albien supérieur-Campanien)". Palaeo Ichthyologica. 9: 5–111.
  9. ^ Siverson, Mikael; Ward, David J.; Lindgren, Johan; Kelley, L. Scott (2013). "Mid-Cretaceous Cretoxyrhina (Elasmobranchii) from Mangyshlak, Kazakhstan and Texas, USA". Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. 37 (1): 87–104. doi:10.1080/03115518.2012.709440. ISSN 0311-5518.
  10. ^ Welton, Bruce J.; Farish, Roger F. (1993). The collector's guide to fossil sharks and rays from the Cretaceous of Texas. Lewisvil[l]e, TX: Before Time. ISBN 978-0-9638394-0-4.
  11. ^ Siverson, Mikael; Lindgren, Johan; Kelley, L. Scott (2007-07-17). "ANACORACID SHARKS FROM THE ALBIAN (LOWER CRETACEOUS) PAWPAW SHALE OF TEXAS". Palaeontology. 50 (4): 939–950. doi:10.1111/j.1475-4983.2007.00691.x. ISSN 0031-0239.
  12. ^ a b c d e Franţescu, Ovidiu (2014). "Fossil mudshrimps (Decapoda: Axiidea) from the Pawpaw Formation (Cretaceous: Albian), northeast Texas, USA" (PDF). Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum (40): 13–22.
  13. ^ Van Bakel, Barry; Guinot, Danièle; Artal, Pedro; René H.B., Fraaije; Jagt, John W.M. (2012). "A revision of the Palaeocorystoidea and the phylogeny of raninoidian crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata)". Zootaxa. 3215: 1–216.
  14. ^ Franţescu, Ovidiu (2012-09-01). "Nodosculda fisherorum, New Genus and New Species of Mantis Shrimp (Stomatopoda: Sculdidae) from the Cretaceous (Late Albian) of Texas, USA". Journal of Crustacean Biology. 32 (5): 774–779. S2CID 86727467.