List of endemic birds of Japan
This article is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the world's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in birds.
Patterns of endemism
Japan has no endemic families. It has one endemic genus: Apalopteron, which contains the Bonin white-eye.[1][2] The extinct Bonin grosbeak was formerly considered the only member of the genus Chaunoproctus, but taxonomic analysis supports it as being a basal member of the rosefinch genus Carpodacus.[3]
Endemic Bird Areas
Birdlife International has defined the following Endemic Bird Areas (EBAs) in Japan:
- Izu Islands
- Ogasawara Islands
- Nansei Shoto
The following have been designated as secondary areas:
- Central Honshu lowland forests
- Central Honshu montane forests
- Iwo Islands
- Other islands
List of species
The following is a list of bird species endemic to Japan:[1]
Resident endemics
Common name | Binomial | Family | Distribution | Status | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Copper pheasant | Syrmaticus soemmerringii | Phasianidae | Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku | ![]() | |
Green pheasant | Phasianus versicolor | Phasianidae | Honshu, Kyushu, and Shikoku | ![]() | Introduced to Hawaii. National bird of Japan. |
Japanese woodpecker | Picus awokera | Picidae | Honshu and Kyushu | ![]() | |
Okinawa woodpecker | Dendrocopos noguchii | Picidae | Okinawa | ![]() | |
Amami woodpecker | Dendrocopos (leucotos) owstoni | Picidae | Amami Ōshima | ![]() | Generally considered a subspecies of the white-backed woodpecker, but some consider it distinct. |
Bonin wood pigeon | Columba versicolor | Columbidae | Nakodo-jima and Chichi-jima in the Bonin Islands | ![]() | Last seen in 1889. |
Ryukyu wood pigeon | Columba jouyi | Columbidae | Various islets throughout the Ryukyu Islands | ![]() | Last reliably seen in 1936. |
Ryukyu green pigeon | Treron permagnus permagnus/medioximus | Columbidae | Permagnus: Yakushima, Amami-Oshima, Okinawa | ![]() | |
Okinawa rail | Gallirallus okinawae | Rallidae | Okinawa | ![]() | |
Amami woodcock | Scolopax mira | Scolopacidae | Amami Oshima, Okinawa and Tokunoshima | ![]() | |
Lidth's jay | Garrulus lidthi | Corvidae | Amami Ōshima and Tokunoshima | ![]() | |
Ryukyu minivet | Pericrocotus tegimae | Campephagidae | Formerly the Ryukyu Islands, though have recently self-colonized Kyushu, Shikoku, and Honshu | ![]() | |
Owston's tit | Sittiparus owstoni | Paridae | Miyakejima, Mikurajima and Hachijojima | ![]() | |
Iriomote tit | Sittiparus olivaceus | Paridae | Yaeyama Islands | ![]() | |
Bonin thrush | Zoothera terrestris | Turdidae | Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands | ![]() | Last seen in 1828. |
Izu thrush | Turdus celaenops | Turdidae | Izu and Tokara Islands | ![]() | |
Izu robin | Larvivora (akahige) tanensis | Muscicapidae | Izu Islands | ![]() | Generally considered a subspecies of the Japanese robin, but some consider it distinct. |
Ryukyu robin | Larvivora komadori | Muscicapidae | Tokara Islands, Tanegashima, Okinoerabujima, Tokunoshima | ![]() | |
Okinawa robin | Larvivora namiyei | Muscicapidae | Okinawa | ![]() | |
Ryukyu flycatcher | Ficedula owstoni | Muscicapidae | Ryukyu Islands | ![]() | |
Bonin white-eye | Apalopteron familiare | Zosteropidae | Hahajima formerly throughout Bonin | ![]() | |
Bonin grosbeak | Carpodacus ferreorostris | Fringillidae | Chichijima in the Ogasawara Islands | ![]() | Last reported in 1828. |
Bonin greenfinch | Chloris kittlitzi | Fringillidae | Hahajima and South Iwo Jima |
Breeding endemics
Common name | Binomial | Family | Distribution | Status | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Matsudaira's storm-petrel | Oceanodroma matsudairae | Hydrobatidae | Volcano Islands (breeding), Indian Ocean (wintering) | ![]() | |
Short-tailed albatross | Phoebastria albatrus | Diomedeidae | Senkaku Islands, Muko-jima, and Tori-shima (breeding), broader Pacific Ocean (wintering). Extirpated as a breeder on most of the other Bonin Islands as well as the non-Japanese Marshall Islands. Also formerly bred on Bermuda in prehistoric times. | ![]() | |
Bryan's shearwater | Puffinus bryani | Procellaridae | Bonin Islands (breeding), Pacific Ocean around the Hawaiian Islands (wintering). | ![]() | |
Bannerman's shearwater | Puffinus bannermani | Procellaridae | Volcano Islands (breeding), Pacific Ocean around Ogasawara Group (wintering) | ![]() | |
Ijima's leaf-warbler | Phylloscopus ijimae | Phylloscopidae | Izu Islands and Tokara Islands (breeding), Honshu, Kyushu, Nansei-shoto, the Philippines, and Taiwan (wintering) | ![]() | |
Japanese leaf warbler | Phylloscopus xanthodryas | Phylloscopidae | All of Japan except Hokkaido (breeding), Taiwan and Southeast Asia (wintering) | ![]() | |
Yellow bunting | Emberiza sulphurata | Emberizidae | Northern Japan barring Hokkaido (breeding), southern Japan, Taiwan, and the Philippines (wintering) | ![]() |
References
- ^ a b "Japan Endemic Birds Checklist". lntreasures.com. Retrieved 2020-10-10.
- ^ van Balen, Bas (2020-03-04). "Bonin White-eye (Apalopteron familiare)". Birds of the World.
- ^ Tietze, Dieter Thomas; Päckert, Martin; Martens, Jochen; Lehmann, Henriette; Sun, Yue-Hua (2013-09-01). "Complete phylogeny and historical biogeography of true rosefinches (Aves: Carpodacus)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 169 (1): 215–234. doi:10.1111/zoj.12057. ISSN 0024-4082.
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Endemism in birds
- Western Palearctic
- Japan
- Endemic Bird Area
- Lists of endemic birds
- List of endemic bird areas of the world
- List of secondary areas
- Endemic Bird Areas of the World (book)