Hungarian Crown
The Hungarian Crown (Polish: Korona Węgierska) was a part of the Polish crown jewels.[1] It was made in the 16th century, resembling the Crown of Saint Stephen, as a private crown of John II Sigismund Zápolya.[2][3]
History
The original Hungarian Regalia were handed over by Queen Isabella Jagiellon to Ferdinand of Austria in 1551, when she was forced to leave Transylvania, which fell into Ferdinand's hands in accordance with the treaty of Nyírbátor. According to a contemporary Polish chronicler, she broke the cross off the Crown of Saint Stephen’s peak for her son, John Sigismund Zápolya. The copy of the main Hungarian insignium was probably made at that time.[2]
After John Sigismund's death the crown was inherited in 1571 by King Sigismund II Augustus of Poland, Isabella's brother.[1][3] The Polish king treated the crown of Hungary as a family keepsake, and kept it in a private vault in the Tykocin Castle.[3] In 1572, when the last of the Jagiellons died the insignium was used as an exequial crown during the funeral ceremonies to Sigismund Augustus in Knyszyn and eventually passed to his sister Anna Jagiellon.[3] After the king's death the opposition led by the primate, made the guardian of the Wawel Royal Treasury, refused to bestow the Polish royal insignia on the newly elected Anna Jagiellon and her husband Stephen Báthory. Unable to use the Crown of Bolesław I the Brave, Báthory used the Hungarian Crown as an alternative.[2]
In about 1576 the crown was bequeathed to the State Treasury at the Wawel Castle, where it was kept until October 1795.[3] It was then stolen by Prussian soldiers after the seizure of Kraków by the Prussian army, and was appropriated to the collections of the Hohenzollerns in Berlin.[2] After 1809 it was destroyed, as was the majority of Polish regalia.[2]
The Hungarian Crown was made in the form of rims topped with a globe and a cross at their intersection.[3] It was decorated with enamel plaques, filigree work, pendants and precious stones including four large sapphires and rubies.[3] In the 18th century the crown was depicted in the portrait of Louis I of Hungary by Marcello Bacciarelli, painted to embellish the Marble Room at the Royal Castle in Warsaw.[2]
References
- ^ a b Margaret Odrowaz-Sypniewska. "Poland's Crowns". Angelfire. Retrieved 2009-02-16.
- ^ a b c d e f Jerzy Lileyko (1987). Regalia Polskie (Polish Regalia) (in Polish). p. 90. ISBN 83-03-02021-8.
- ^ a b c d e f g Michał Rożek (1987). Polskie koronacje i korony (Polish coronations and crowns) (in Polish). p. 80. ISBN 83-03-01914-7.
Further reading
- Jerzy Lileyko. Regalia Polskie. Warszawa 1987. ISBN 83-03-02021-8 (in Polish)
- Janusz Miniewicz. Tajemnica polskich koron. Czy jest szansa ich odnalezienia?. Nowy Sącz 2006. ISBN 83-924034-2-8 (in Polish)
- Michał Rożek. Polskie koronacje i korony. Kraków 1987. ISBN 83-03-01914-7 (in Polish)
External links
Media related to Hungarian Crown at Wikimedia Commons
- v
- t
- e
- Helmet of Skanderbeg (Vienna)
- Archducal hat of Austria (Klosterneuburg)
- Imperial Crown of Austria (Vienna)
- Brilliant Crown of Empress Elisabeth (de) (missing)
- Archducal hat of Tyrol (Mariastein)
- Ducal hat of Styria (Graz)
- Archducal hat of Joseph II (Vienna)
- Crown of Saint Wenceslas (Prague)
- Crown of the Środa Treasure (Środa Śląska)
- Crown of Pedro I (Petrópolis)
- Imperial Crown of Brazil (Petrópolis)
- Coronet of the Imperial Prince of Brazil
- Coronet of Laurels of Princess Isabel
- Crown of Princess Blanche (Munich)
- Crown of Margaret of York (Aachen)
- Crown of Scotland (Edinburgh)
- St Edward's Crown (London)
- State Crown of Mary of Modena (London)
- Tudor Crown (destroyed)
- State Crown of George I (London)
- Coronet of Frederick, Prince of Wales (London)
- Coronation Crown of George IV (London)
- Diamond Diadem
- Crown of Queen Adelaide (London)
- Imperial State Crown (London)
- Small Diamond Crown of Queen Victoria (London)
- Crown of Queen Alexandra (London)
- Coronet of George, Prince of Wales (London)
- Crown of Queen Mary (London)
- Imperial Crown of India (London)
- Crown of Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother (London)
- Coronet of Charles, Prince of Wales (London)
- Diamond Crown of Bulgaria (missing)
- Futou
- Yishanguan
- Tongtianguan
- Mianguan
- Crown of Zvonimir (missing)
- Crown of Christian IV (Copenhagen)
- Crown of Christian V (Copenhagen)
- Crown of the Queen (Copenhagen)
- Crown of Charlemagne (destroyed)
- Crown of Saint Louis (destroyed)
- Crown of Henry IV (destroyed)
- Crown of Louis XV (Paris)
- Crown of Napoleon I (Paris)
- Crown of Napoleon III (destroyed)
- Crown of Empress Eugénie (Paris)
- German State Crown (heraldic)
- Baden:
- Grand Ducal Crown of Baden (Karlsruhe)
- Bavaria:
- Royal Crown of Bavaria (Munich)
- Crown of the Queen of Bavaria (de) (Munich)
- Crown of Queen Therese of Bavaria (Munich)
- Brandenburg:
- Electoral Hat of Brandenburg (Berlin)
- Brunswick-Lüneburg:
- Ducal Crown of Brunswick-Lüneburg
- Hanover:
- Royal Crown of Hanover
- Mecklenburg:
- Wendish Crown (heraldic)
- Prussia:
- Crown of Frederick I (Berlin)
- Crown of Sophia Charlotte of Hanover (Berlin)
- Crown of Wilhelm I (missing)
- Crown of Queen Augusta (missing)
- Crown of Wilhelm II (Hohenzollern Castle)
- Saxony:
- Electoral Hat of Saxony (Dresden)
- Crown of Augustus II the Strong (Dresden)
- Funeral Crown of Augustus II the Strong (Dresden)
- Württemberg:
- Royal Crown of Württemberg (Stuttgart)
- Crown of Greece (Athens)
- Crown of King Kalākaua (Honolulu)
- Crown of Queen Kapiʻolani (Honolulu)
Empire
- Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire (Vienna)
- Iron Crown (Monza)
- Crown of Rudolf II (Vienna)
- Imperial Crowns of Charles VII (Munich)
- Essen Crown (Essen)
- Reliquary Crown of John the Baptist (Aachen)
- Reliquary Crown of Charlemagne (Aachen)
- Crown of Empress Cunigunde (de) (Munich)
- Lily Crown of Empress Cunigunde (Munich)
- Reliquary Crown of Henry II (Munich)
- Salian Funeral Crowns of Spires (Speyer)
- Reliquary Crown of Otto II (Halle (Saale))
- Papal tiaras
- Papier-mâché Tiara (Vatican City)
- Napoleon Tiara (Vatican City)
- Tiara of Pope Pius IX (1846) (Vatican City)
- Spanish Tiara (Vatican City)
- Tiara of Pope Pius IX (Notre Dame, Indiana)
- Palatine Tiara (Vatican City)
- Tiara of Pope John XXIII (Bergamo)
- Tiara of Pope Paul VI (Washington, D.C.)
- Holy Crown of Hungary (Budapest)
- Crown of Stephen Bocskai (Vienna)
- Sasanian crowns
- Empress's Crown (Tehran)
- Kiani Crown (Tehran)
- Pahlavi Crown (Tehran)
- Iron Crown (Monza)
- Royal Crown of Savoy (it) (Turin)
- Crown of Theodelinda (it) (Monza)
- Grand Ducal Crown of Tuscany (missing)
- Crown of Constance of Sicily (Palermo)
- Crown of Baekje (Gongju)
- Crown of Gaya (Yongin)
- Crowns of Silla
- Gold Crown of Geumgwanchong (Gyeongju)
- Gold Crown of Cheonmachong (Gyeongju)
- Gold Crown of Hwangnamdaechong (Seoul)
- Gold Crown of Geumnyeongchong Tumulus (Seoul)
- Gold Crown of Seobongchong Tumulus (Gyeongju)
- Silver Crown (Gyeongju)
- Ducal hat of Liechtenstein (missing; replica: Vaduz)
- Gediminas' Cap (missing)
- Crown of Madagascar
- Crown of Ranavalona III
- Norwegian Crown Prince's Coronet (Trondheim)
- Crown of Norway (Trondheim)
- Crown of the Queen of Norway (Trondheim)
- Crown of Bolesław I the Brave (destroyed; replica: Stará Ľubovňa)
- Swedish Crown (destroyed)
- Muscovy Crown (destroyed)
- Hungarian Crown (destroyed)
- Homagial Crown (destroyed)
- Funeral Crown (missing)
- Queen's Crown (destroyed)
- Crown of Augustus II (Dresden)
- Funeral Crown of Augustus II (Dresden)
- Crown of Augustus III (Warsaw)
- Crown of Maria Josepha (Warsaw)
- Płock Diadem (Płock)
- Crown of João VI (Lisbon)
- Diadem of the Stars (Lisbon)
- Crown of Elisabeta (Bucharest)
- Crown of Maria (Bucharest)
- Steel Crown of Romania (Bucharest)
- "Cap of Monomakh"
- Crown of Kazan Tzardom
- Crown of Tsar Michael Fyodorovich
- Cap of Monomakh of the second set
- Diamond Crown of Tsar Peter I
- Diamond Crown of Tsar Ivan V
- Altabas crown of the third set
- Crown of Empress Catherine I
- Crown of Empress Anna Ivanovna
- Great Imperial Crown
- Maltese Crown
- Small Imperial Crown
- Karađorđević Crown (Belgrade)
- Nemanjić Crowns
- Crown of Stefan Uroš III (Cetinje)
- Crown of Stephen Bocskai (Vienna)
- Royal Crown of Spain (heraldic)
- Royal Crown of Spain (Tumular Crown) (Madrid)
- Crown of Sancho IV (Toledo)
- Crown of Isabella I of Castile (Granada)
- Crown of the Crowned Virgin of the Kings (Seville)
- Crown of the Virgin of the Tabernacle of Toledo (Toledo)
- Crown of Eric XIV (Stockholm)
- Crown of the Queen (Stockholm)
- Crown of Queen Christina (Stockholm)
- Crown of the Heir Apparent (Stockholm)
- Crown of Tahiti (Punaauia)
- Crown of Tonga (Nukuʻalofa)
- Crown of Rus (missing)
- Crowns of Egypt
- Silver Crown of Emperor Tewodros (Ethiopia)
- Raven Crown (Bhutan)
- Shripech (Nepal)
- Crown of Sri Vikrama Rajasinha of Sri Lanka
- Great Crown of Victory (Thailand)