1038 Dingxiang earthquake
The 1038 Dingxiang earthquake devastated present-day Shanxi Province, northern China on 9 January. At least 32,300 people died across the province when the Ms 7.25 earthquake struck Dingxiang and Xinxian counties.[1] In Xinzhou, about 19,742 people died and 5,655 were injured. More than 50,000 livestock also perished. About 759 were killed in Guoxian County and in present-day Taiyuan, 1,890 people died.[2]
Geology
The Xizhoushan Fault Zone, a strike-slip fault system within the Shanxi Rift System, may have been responsible for the earthquake. Field studies indicate at least three earthquakes occurred along the fault during the Holocene with the most recent event possibly being the 1038 earthquake. This fault delineates the Xizhoushan Mountains and Xinding basin within the rift system. Estimates of the right-lateral slip rate range from 5.86–5.22 mm (0.231–0.206 in) per year to as low as 2 mm (0.079 in) per year during the Holocene. At least 60 km (37 mi) of surface rupture along the fault was associated with the earthquake.[3] Triggering of earthquakes in the rift system may have been due to the combined effects of coulomb stress transfer and long-term tectonic stress. In the case of the 1038 event, it was promoted by stress transfer from a previous Ms 7.5 earthquake in 512 AD. This may have in turn promoted the Ms 6.5 earthquake near Taiyuan in 1102.[4]
See also
References
- ^ Ziqun, Min, ed. (1995). Chinese Historical Catalog from 2300 B.C. to 1911 A.D. (in Chinese). Beijing: Seismological Press. p. 514.
- ^ "National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information". doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K. Retrieved 16 January 2024.
- ^ ZhongyuanYu; Yin, Na; Wang, Chengyang; Deng, Miao; Lan, Weiguang (2021). "Active tectonics, paleoseismology and seismic hazards of the piedmont Xizhoushan Fault Zone in the Shanxi graben system, North China Block". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 205. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2020.104590.
- ^ Li, Ping’en; Liao, Li; Liu, Pan; Feng, Jianzhou; Guo, Xiangyun (2018). "Numerical Simulation of Relationship between Stress Field Evolution and Historical Strong Earthquakes in the Shanxi Seismic Zone". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 108 (5A). doi:10.1785/0120170378.
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- 1038 Dingxiang
- 1290 Chihli (Inner Mongolia)
- 1303 Hongdong, Shanxi
- 1536 Xichang, Sichuan
- 1556 Shaanxi
- 1604 Quanzhou, Fujian
- 1605 Guangdong
- 1626 Lingqiu, Shanxi
- 1654 Tianshui, Gansu
- 1668 Tangcheng, Shandong
- 1679 Beijing, Hebei
- 1695 Linfen, Shanxi
- 1709 Zhongwei
- 1718 Tongwei, Gansu
- 1733 Dongchuan, Yunnan
- 1738 Dangjiang, Qinghai
- 1739 Yinchuan–Pingluo, Ningxia
- 1786 Kangding-Luding, Sichuan
- 1815 Pinglu, Shanxi
- 1830 Cixian, Hebei
- 1833 Kunming, Yunnan
- 1850 Xichang, Sichuan
- 1879 Wudu, Gansu
- 1889 Chilik, Xinjiang
- 1902 Kashgar, Xinjiang
- 1906 Manas, Xinjiang
- 1913 Eshan, Yunnan
- 1918 Shantou, Guangdong
- 1920 Haiyuan, Ningxia
- 1923 Renda, Sichuan
- 1925 Dali, Yunnan
- 1927 Gulang, Gansu
- 1931 Fuyun, Xinjiang
- 1932 Changma
- 1933 Diexi, Sichuan
- 1936 Lingshan, Guangxi
- 1937 Heze, Shandong
- 1947 Assam
- 1948 Litang, Sichuan
- 1950 Assam–Tibet
- 1952 Damxung
- 1955 Kangding, Sichuan
- 1955 Yuzha, Sichuan
- 1966 Xingtai, Hebei
- 1969 Bohai Sea
- 1969 Yangjiang, Guangdong
- 1970 Tonghai, Yunnan
- 1973 Luhuo, Sichuan
- 1974 Zhaotong, Yunnan
- 1975 Haicheng, Liaoning
- 1976 Longling, Yunnan
- 1976 Tangshan, Hebei
- 1976 Songpan–Pingwu, Sichuan
- 1981 Dawu, Sichuan
- 1983 Heze, Shandong
- 1985 Luquan, Yunnan
- 1985 Wuqia, Xinjiang
- 1988 Lancang–Gengma, Yunnan
- 1990 Gonghe, Qinghai
- 1994 Taiwan Strait
- 1995 Menglian, Yunnan
- 1995 Wuding, Yunnan
- 1996 Lijiang, Yunnan
- 1996 Baotou, Inner Mongolia
- 1997 Jiashi, Xinjiang
- 1997 Manyi, Tibet
- 1998 Zhangbei
- 1998 Ninglang, Yunnan
- 2000 Yunnan
- 2001 Kunlun
- 2003 Bachu, Xinjiang
- 2003 Dayao
- 2003 Zhaosu, Xinjiang
- 2005 Ruichang, Jiangxi
- 2006 Yanjin, Yunnan
- 2008 Sichuan
- 2008 Yingjiang, Yunnan
- 2008 Panzhihua, Sichuan
- 2008 Damxung, Tibet
- 2009 Xinjiang
- 2009 Yunnan
- 2010 Yushu, Qinghai
- 2011 Yunnan
- 2011 Myanmar
- 2012 Yangzhou, Jiangsu
- 2012 Zhaotong, Yunnan
- 2013 Lushan, Sichuan
- 2013 Dingxi, Gansu
- 2014 Yutian, Xinjiang
- 2014 Yingjiang, Yunnan
- 2014 Ludian, Yunnan
- 2014 Jinggu, Yunnan
- 2014 Kangding, Sichuan
- 2015 Pishan, Xinjiang
- 2017 Taxkorgan, Xinjiang
- 2017 Jiuzhaigou, Sichuan
- 2017 Jinghe, Xinjiang
- 2019 Changning, Sichuan
- 2020 Kashgar, Xinjiang
- 2020 Qiaojia, Yunnan
- 2021 Dali, Yunnan
- 2021 Maduo, Qinghai
- 2021 Luxian, Sichuan
- 2022 Menyuan, Qinghai
- 2022 Ya'an, Sichuan
- 2022 Luding, Sichuan
- 2023 Jishishan
- 2024 Uqturpan