Nematocera

Nematocera
Aedes aegypti, komarac prenosilac bolesti
Naučna klasifikacija e
Domen: Eukaryota
Carstvo: Animalia
Tip: Arthropoda
Klasa: Insecta
Red: Diptera
Podred: Nematocera
Duméril, 1805[1]
Podredovi[3]
  • Bibionomorpha
  • (Blephariceromorpha)[2]
  • Culicomorpha
  • Deuterophlebiomorpha
  • Nymphomyiomorpha
  • Perissommatomorpha
  • Psychodomorpha
  • Ptychopteromorpha
  • Tipulomorpha

Nematocera (ime koje znači „nitni rogovi ”) su podred izduženih muva sa tankim, segmentiranim antenama i uglavnom vodenim larvama. Ova grupa je parafiletska i sadrži sve mušice osim vrsta iz podreda Brachycera[4] (ime znači „kratkoroge“), što uključuje poznatije vrste kao što su kućna muva ili obična voćna muva.

Familije

Ove familije pripadaju podredu Nematocera:[3][5][6]

  • Anisopodidae Knab, 1912
  • Axymyiidae Shannon, 1921
  • Bibionidae Fleming, 1821
  • Blephariceridae Loew, 1861
  • Bolitophilidae Winnertz, 1863
  • Canthyloscelididae Enderlein, 1912
  • Cecidomyiidae Newman, 1835
  • Ceratopogonidae Newman, 1834
  • Chaoboridae Newman, 1834
  • Chironomidae Newman, 1834
  • Corethrellidae Edwards, 1932
  • Culicidae Meigen, 1818
  • Cylindrotomidae Schiner, 1863
  • Deuterophlebiidae Edwards, 1922
  • Diadocidiidae Winnertz, 1863
  • Ditomyiidae Keilin, 1919
  • Dixidae Schiner, 1868[7] - meniscus midges
  • Hesperinidae Schiner, 1864
  • Keroplatidae Rondani, 1856
  • Limoniidae Rondani, 1856
  • Lygistorrhinidae Edwards, 1925
  • Mycetophilidae Newman, 1834
  • Nymphomyiidae Tokunaga, 1932
  • Pachyneuridae Schiner, 1864
  • Pediciidae Osten Sacken, 1859
  • Perissommatidae Colless, 1962
  • Psychodidae Newman, 1834
  • Ptychopteridae Osten Sacken, 1862
  • Rangomaramidae Jaschhof & Didham, 2002
  • Scatopsidae Newman, 1834
  • Sciaridae Billberg, 1820
  • Simuliidae Newman, 1834
  • Tanyderidae Osten Sacken, 1880
  • Thaumaleidae Bezzi, 1913
  • Tipulidae Latreille, 1802
  • Trichoceridae Rondani, 1841
  • Valeseguyidae Amorim & Grimaldi, 2006
  • † Ansorgiidae Krzemiñski & Lukashevich, 1993
  • † Antefungivoridae Rohdendorf, 1938
  • † Archizelmiridae Rohdendorf, 1962
  • † Asiochaoboridae Hong & Wang, 1990
  • † Boholdoyidae Kovalev, 1985
  • † Cascopleciidae Poinar Jr., 2010
  • † Crosaphididae Kovalev, 1983
  • † Elliidae Krzeminska, Blagoderov & Krezmiñski, 1993
  • † Eoditomyiidae Ansorge, 1996
  • † Eopolyneuridae Rohdendorf, 1962
  • † Grauvogeliidae Krzemiñski, 1999
  • † Hennigmatidae Shcherbakov, 1995
  • † Heterorhyphidae Ansorge & Krzemiñski, 1995
  • † Hyperpolyneuridae Rohdendorf, 1962
  • † Luanpingitidae Zhang, 1986
  • † Mesosciophilidae Rohdendorf, 1946
  • † Nadipteridae Lukashevich, 1995
  • † Palaeophoridae Rohdendorf, 1951
  • † Paraxymyiidae Rohdendorf, 1946
  • † Pleciofungivoridae Rohdendorf, 1946
  • † Procramptonomyiidae Kovalev, 1983
  • † Protendipedidae Rohdendorf, 1951
  • † Protopleciidae Rohdendorf, 1946
  • † Protorhyphidae Handlirsch, 1906
  • † Protoscatopsidae Rohdendorf, 1946
  • † Serendipidae Evenhuis, 1994
  • † Siberhyphidae Kovalev, 1985
  • † Strashilidae Rasnitsyn, 1992
  • † Tanyderophrynidae Rohdendorf, 1962
  • † Tethepomyiidae Grimaldi & Arillo, 2009
  • † Tillyardipteridae Lukashevich & Shcherbakov, 1999
  • † Tipulodictyidae Rohdendorf, 1962
  • † Tipulopleciidae Rohdendorf, 1962
  • † Vladipteridae Shcherbakov, 1995

Reference

  1. ^ Sabrosky, C.W. (1999). „Family-Group Names in Diptera” (PDF). Myia. 10: 1—360.  (page 358)
  2. ^ Savage, Jade; Borkent, Art; Brodo, Fenja; Cumming, Jeffrey M.; et al. (2019). „Diptera of Canada. In: Langor DW, Sheffield CS (Eds) The Biota of Canada – A Biodiversity Assessment. Part 1: The Terrestrial Arthropods”. ZooKeys (819): 397—450. PMC 6355757 Слободан приступ. PMID 30713456. doi:10.3897/zookeys.819.27625 Слободан приступ. 
  3. ^ а б Pape, Thomas; Blagoderov, Vladimir; Mostovski, Mikhail B. (2011). Zhang, Zhi-Qiang, ур. „Order Diptera Linnaeus, 1758. In: Zhang, Z.-Q. (Ed.) Animal biodiversity: An outline of higher-level classification and survey of taxonomic richness” (PDF). Zootaxa. 3148. ISBN 978-1-86977-849-1. ISSN 1175-5326. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3148.1.42. 
  4. ^ Wiegmann BM, Trautwein MD, Winkler IS, Barr NB, Kim JW, Lambkin C, et al. (2011). „Episodic radiations in the fly tree of life.”. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108 (14): 5690—5. Bibcode:2011PNAS..108.5690W. PMC 3078341 Слободан приступ. PMID 21402926. doi:10.1073/pnas.1012675108 Слободан приступ. 
  5. ^ Greenwalt, D.; Kjærandsen, J. (2019). „Fungus Gnats Online”. Приступљено 2019-06-09. 
  6. ^ Schiner, I.R. (1868). Diptera. vi In [Wullerstorf-Urbair, B. von (in charge)], Reise der osterreichischen Fregatte Novara. Zool. 2(1)B. Wien: K. Gerold's Sohn. стр. 388pp., 4 pls. 

Literatura

  • Borror, Donald Joyce; Delong, Dwight Moore; Triplehorn, Charles A. (1976). An Introduction to the Study of Insects. New York, Chicago: Holt, Rinehart and Winston. ISBN 0-03-088406-3. 
  • Ross h. Arnett, Jr (28. 7. 2000). American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico, Second Edition. Boca Raton, Londres, New York, Washington, D. C.: CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0212-9. CS1 одржавање: Формат датума (веза)

Spoljašnje veze

  • Image Gallery from Diptera.info
  • Gnats (Nematocera)
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