Düsseldorfska slikarska škola
Düsseldorfska slikarska škola odnosi se na grupu slikara koji su predavali ili studirali na Akademiji u Düsseldorfu (sada Staatliche Kunstakademie Düsseldorf ili Državna slikarska akademija u Düsseldorfu) tokom 1830-ih i 1840-ih, kada je Akademijom upravljao slikar Wilhelm von Schadow. Rad Düsseldorfske škole karakteriziran je vrlo detaljno naslikanim, ali još uvijek nestvarnim predjelima, često sa religijskim ili alegorijskim pričama u pejzažima. Vodeći članovi Düsseldorfske škole podržavali su "plein air slikarstvo" i običavali koristiti paletu sa relativno ublaženim i ravnomjernim bojama. Düsseldorfska škola izrasla je iz i postala dio njemačkog romantičkog pokreta. Istaknuti pripadnici Düsselorfske škole bili su von Schadow, Karl Friedrich Lessing, Johann Wilhelm Schirmer, Andreas Achenbach, Hans Fredrik Gude, Oswald Achenbach i Adolf Schrödter.[1]
Düsseldorfska škola imala je značajan utjecaj na Školu Hudson River u Sjedinjenim Državama i mnogi istaknuti Amerikanci učili su na Akademiji u Düsseldorfu i pokazuju utjecaj Düsseldorfske škole, uključujući Georgea Caleba Binghama, Davida Edwarda Cronina, Eastmana Johnsona, Worthingtona Whitteredgea, Richarda Catona Woodvillea, Williama Stanleya Haseltinea, Jamesa McDougala Harta i Williama Morrisa Hunta, kao i njemačkog emigranta Emanuela Leutzea. Albert Bierstadt se prijavio, ali nije bio prihvaćen. Njegov američki prijatelj Worthington Whittredge postao je njegov učitelj dok je pohađao Akademiju u Düsseldorfu.
Odabrani umjetnici
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Die_alte_Akademie_in_Duesseldorf_by_Andreas_Achenbach_1831.jpg/220px-Die_alte_Akademie_in_Duesseldorf_by_Andreas_Achenbach_1831.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Andreas_Achenbach_-_Clearing_Up%E2%80%94Coast_of_Sicily_-_Walters_37116.jpg/220px-Andreas_Achenbach_-_Clearing_Up%E2%80%94Coast_of_Sicily_-_Walters_37116.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/George_Caleb_Bingham_-_Jolly_Flatboatmen_in_Port.jpg/220px-George_Caleb_Bingham_-_Jolly_Flatboatmen_in_Port.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Erik_Bodom_-_Ruhe_nach_dem_Sturm_%281871%29.jpg/220px-Erik_Bodom_-_Ruhe_nach_dem_Sturm_%281871%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Great_Dismal_Swamp-Fugitive_Slaves.jpg/220px-Great_Dismal_Swamp-Fugitive_Slaves.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/D%C3%BCcker_Mere_rannal.jpg/220px-D%C3%BCcker_Mere_rannal.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Veteranerna_av_Bengt_Nordenberg_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_30431.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Veteranerna_av_Bengt_Nordenberg_-_Hallwylska_museet_-_30431.tif.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Feuerbach_Amazonenschlacht_1873.jpg/220px-Feuerbach_Amazonenschlacht_1873.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Eugene_VON_GU%C3%89Rard_-_Dandenong_Ranges_from_%3FBeleura%3F_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Eugene_VON_GU%C3%89Rard_-_Dandenong_Ranges_from_%3FBeleura%3F_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Eastman_Johnson_-_Negro_Life_at_the_South_-_ejb_-_fig_67_-_pg_120.jpg/220px-Eastman_Johnson_-_Negro_Life_at_the_South_-_ejb_-_fig_67_-_pg_120.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg/220px-Washington_Crossing_the_Delaware_by_Emanuel_Leutze%2C_MMA-NYC%2C_1851.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Lessing2.jpg/220px-Lessing2.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Shishkin_DozVDubLesu_114.jpg/220px-Shishkin_DozVDubLesu_114.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Mathilde_Wesendonck_by_Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn%2C_1850.jpg/220px-Mathilde_Wesendonck_by_Karl_Ferdinand_Sohn%2C_1850.jpg)
Između 1819. i 1918. oko 4000 umjetnika[2] pripadalo je Düsseldorfskoj slikarskoj školi, uključujući:
- Andreas Achenbach (1815–1910)
- Oswald Achenbach (1827–1905)
- Hermann Anschütz (1802–1880)
- Peter Nicolai Arbo (1831–1892)
- Louis Asher (1804–1878)
- Anders Askevold (1834–1900)
- Hans von Bartels (1856–1913)
- William Holbrook Beard (1823–1900)
- August Becker (1821–1887)
- Jakob Becker (1810–1872)
- Peter Behrens (1868–1940)
- Gunnar Berg (1863–1893)
- Ludoph Berkemeier (1864-1931)
- Edward Beyer (1820-1865)
- Albert Bierstadt (1830–1902)
- George Caleb Bingham (1811–1879)
- Georg Bleibtreu (1828–1892)
- Arnold Böcklin (1827–1901)
- Erik Bodom (1829–1879)
- Friedrich Boser (1809–1881)
- August Bromeis (1813–1881)
- Wilhelm Busch (1832–1908)
- Anton Bütler (1819–1874)
- Joseph Niklaus Bütler (1822–1885)
- Alexandre Calame (1810–1864)
- Wilhelm Camphausen (1818–1885)
- August Cappelen (1827–1852)
- Gustaf Cederström (1845–1933)
- Fanny Churberg (1845–1892)
- Johann Wilhelm Cordes (1824–1869)
- Peter von Cornelius (1783–1867)
- Ludwig des Coudres (1820–1878)
- Ernest Crofts (1847–1911)
- Georg Heinrich Crola (1804–1879)
- David Edward Cronin (1839–1925)
- Hans Dahl (1849–1937)
- Ernst Deger (1809–1885)
- Anton Dietrich (1833–1904)
- Eugen Dücker (1841–1916)
- Adam Eberle (1804–1832)
- Marie Egner (1850–1940)
- Joseph Fay (1813–1875)
- Anselm Feuerbach (1829–1880)
- Albert Flamm (1823–1906)
- Arnold Forstmann (1842–?)
- Friedrich Friedländer (1825–1901)
- Bernhard Fries (1820–1879)
- Otto Frölicher (1840–1890)
- Sanford Robinson Gifford (1823–1880)
- Hans Fredrik Gude (1825–1903)
- Eugene von Guerard (1811–1901)
- Aasta Hansteen (1824–1908)
- James McDougal Hart (1828–1901)
- William Stanley Haseltine (1835–1900)
- Johann Peter Hasenclever (1810-1853)
- Lars Hertervig (1830–1902)
- George Hetzel (1826–1899)
- Hermann Ottomar Herzog (1832–1932)
- Theodor Hildebrandt (1804–1874)
- Robert Alexander Hillingford (1828–1904)
- Bernhard Hoetger (1874–1949)
- Oskar Hoffmann (1851-1912)
- Adolfo Hohenstein (1854–1928)
- Julius Hübner (1806–1882)
- Emil Hünten (1827–1902)
- William Morris Hunt (1824–1879)
- Otto Hupp (1859–1949)
- Franz Ittenbach (1813–1879)
- Otto Reinhold Jacobi (1812–1901)
- Elisabeth Jerichau-Baumann (1819–1881)
- August Jernberg (1826–1896)
- Eastman Johnson (1824–1906)
- Arthur Kampf (1864–1950)
- Wilhelm von Kaulbach (1805–1874)
- William Keith (1838–1911)
- César Klein (1876–1954)
- Ludwig Knaus (1829–1910)
- Heinrich Christoph Kolbe (1771–1836)
- Rudolf Koller (1828–1905)
- Julius Kronberg (1850–1921)
- Ants Laikmaa (1860–1942)
- Marcus Larson (1825–1864)
- Wilhelm Lehmbruck (1881–1919)
- Carl Friedrich Lessing (1808–1880)
- Emanuel Leutze (1816–1868)
- Bruno Liljefors (1860–1939)
- Amalia Lindegren (1814–1891)
- George Luks (1867–1933)
- August Macke (1887–1914)
- Fritz Mackensen (1866–1953)
- August Malmström (1829–1901)
- Gari Melchers (1860–1932)
- Carlo Mense (1886–1965)
- Johann Georg Meyer (1813–1886)
- Otto Modersohn (1865–1943)
- Heinrich Mücke (1806–1891)
- Morten Müller (1828–1911)
- Paul Müller-Kaempff (1861–1941)
- Mihály von Munkácsy (1844–1900)
- Ludvig Munthe (1841–1896)
- Amaldus Nielsen (1838–1932)
- Bengt Nordenberg (1822–1902)
- Adelsteen Normann (1848–1918)
- Adolph Northen (1828–1876)
- Theobald von Oer (1807–1885)
- Eduard Peithner von Lichtenfels (1833–1913)
- Heinrich Petersen-Angeln (1850-1906)
- Kristjan Raud (1865–1943)
- Paul Raud (1865–1930)
- Robert Reinick (1805–1852)
- Alfred Rethel (1816–1859)
- Karl Lorenz Rettich (1841–1904)
- Henry Ritter (1816–1853)
- Theodor Rocholl (1854–1933)
- Hubert Salentin (1822–1910)
- Johann Wilhelm Schirmer (1807–1863)
- Julius Schrader (1815–1900)
- Adolf Schreyer (1828–1899)
- Adolf Seel (1829–1907)
- Ivan Šiškin (1838–1892)
- Karl Ferdinand Sohn (1805–1867)
- Bernhard Studer (1832–1868)
- Adolph Tidemand (1814–1876)
- Carl d'Unker (1828–1866)
- Lesser Ury (1861–1931)
- Frederick Vezin (1859–1942)
- Heinrich Vogeler (1872–1942)
- Alfred Wahlberg (1834–1906)
- Edward Arthur Walton (1860–1922)
- Worthington Whittredge (1820–1910)
- Charles Wimar (1828–1862)
- Mårten Eskil Winge (1825–1896)
- Richard Caton Woodville (1825–1855)
- Magnus von Wright (1805–1868)
- Clemens von Zimmermann (1788–1869)
Povezano
- Njemački romantizam
Reference
- ↑ Humboldt, Wilhelm von (1968). Albert Leitzmann. ur. Gesammelte Schriften. 1. Abteilung: Werke. Band 6 1827-1835. Walter de Gruyter. str. 585. ISBN 978-3-11-019258-2. Pristupljeno 4 January 2011.
- ↑ Kunstmuseum Düsseldorf und Galerie Paffrath (Hrsg.): Lexikon der Düsseldorfer Malerschule, 3 Bände, Düsseldorf und München, 1997–1999