Scarites
Scarites | |||
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![]() Scarites aterrimus (fra: Saikai, Nagasaki, Japan) | |||
Nomenklatur | |||
Scarites Fabricius, 1775 | |||
Hører til | |||
Scaritini, graveløpere, løpebiller, biller | |||
Økologi | |||
Antall arter: | ca. 190 , 8 i Europa, ikke i Norge | ||
Habitat: | på land | ||
Utbredelse: | alle verdensdeler | ||
Inndelt i | |||
Scarites er en slekt av billene i delgruppen (underfamilien) graveløpere (Scaritinae) i familiegruppen løpebiller.
Utseende
Store (opptil 50 millimeter), langstrakte, blanke, oftest svarte løpebiller. Hodet er stort og mer eller mindre rektangulært, med forstørrede, svært kraftige mandibler (overkjever). Fasettøynene er små og rundede, antennene trådformede og nokså korte. Pronotum er mye bredere enn langt, bakover kraftig innsnevret slik at det danner seg en markert "stilk" mellom pronotum og dekkvingene, scutellum sitter på denne. Dekkvingene er parallellsidige med dype punktstriper. Beina er korte og kraftige.
Levevis
Som andre Scaritinae lever disse billene hovedsakelig underjordisk. De graver godt, og lever som rovdyr.
Utbredelse
Denne artsrike slekten er representert i alle verdensdeler bortsett fra Antarktis, men mangler i Nord-Europa.
Systematisk inndeling
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Scarites_%28Scarites%29_linearis_Boheman%2C_1848_%285848045395%29.jpg/400px-Scarites_%28Scarites%29_linearis_Boheman%2C_1848_%285848045395%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Kaldari_Scarites_subterraneus_01.jpg/400px-Kaldari_Scarites_subterraneus_01.jpg)
Oversikten har med de europeiske artene.[1] Systematikken følger Carabidae of the World.[2]
- ordenen biller, Coleoptera Linnaeus, 1758
- underordenen Adephaga Schellenberg, 1806
- overfamilien løpebiller og vannkalver, Caraboidea Latreille, 1802
- familien løpebiller, Carabidae Latreille, 1802
- underfamilie graveløpere Scaritinae Bonelli, 1810
- stammen Scaritini Bonelli, 1810
- slekten Scarites Fabricius 1775 – ikke i Norge
- underslekt Orientolobus Dostal, 1996
- Scarites (Orientolobus) beesoni (Andrewes, 1929)
- Scarites (Orientolobus) birmanicus (Bates, 1892)
- Scarites (Orientolobus) lucidus (Chaudoir, 1880)
- Scarites (Orientolobus) modestus (Chaudoir, 1880)
- Scarites (Orientolobus) sexualis Banninger, 1938
- Scarites (Orientolobus) stygicus (Chaudoir, 1880)
- Scarites (Orientolobus) vilhenai (Basilewsky, 1955)
- Scarites (Orientolobus) wittei (Banninger, 1933)
- underslekt Parallelomorphus Motschulsky, 1849
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) acutidens Chaudoir, 1855
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) aterrimus A. Morawitz, 1863
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) cultripalpis Quedenfeldt, 1883
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) discoidalis Banninger, 1938
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) inconspicuus Chaudoir, 1855
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) indus Olivier, 1795
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) laevigatus Fabricius, 1792
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) mandli Jedlicka, 1963
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) nitidulus Klug, 1862
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) punctum Wiedemann, 1823
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) quadripunctatus Dejean, 1825
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) semicircularis W.S. MacLeay, 1825
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) subcylindricus Chaudoir, 1843
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) subnitens Chaudoir, 1855
- Scarites (Parallelomorphus) terricola Bonelli, 1813
- underslekt Scallophorites Motschulsky, 1858
- Scarites (Scallophorites) abbreviatus Dejean, 1825 - finnes på Madeira
- Scarites (Scallophorites) afghanus Jedlicka, 1967
- Scarites (Scallophorites) basiplicatus Heyden, 1884
- Scarites (Scallophorites) bucida (Pallas, 1778) - det sørøstlige Europa
- Scarites (Scallophorites) buparius (Förster, 1771) - Sør-Europa, dessuten funnet i Estland
- Scarites (Scallophorites) cycloderus Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scallophorites) cyclops Crotch, 1871 - Den iberiske halvøya
- Scarites (Scallophorites) guineensis Dejean, 1831
- Scarites (Scallophorites) impressus Fabricius, 1801 - Spania og Sardinia
- Scarites (Scallophorites) kabakovi Dostal, 1997
- Scarites (Scallophorites) klapperichi Banninger, 1956
- Scarites (Scallophorites) nitens Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scallophorites) saxicola Bonelli, 1813 - Hellas
- Scarites (Scallophorites) striatus Dejean, 1825
- Scarites (Scallophorites) turkestanicus Heyden, 1884
- underslekt Scarites (i snever forstand)
- Scarites (Scarites) aestuans Klug, 1855
- Scarites (Scarites) angulifrons Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) angustesulcatus Baehr, 2002
- Scarites (Scarites) angustus (Chaudoir, 1855)
- Scarites (Scarites) anomalus Andrewes, 1930
- Scarites (Scarites) anthracinus Dejean, 1831
- Scarites (Scarites) atronitens Fairmaire, 1887
- Scarites (Scarites) baenningeri Emden, 1932
- Scarites (Scarites) barbarus Dejean, 1825
- Scarites (Scarites) batesi Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) bengalensis Dejean, 1826
- Scarites (Scarites) biangulatus Fairmaire, 1898
- Scarites (Scarites) bokalensis Banninger, 1932
- Scarites (Scarites) bottegoi Banninger, 1937
- Scarites (Scarites) boucardi Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) bruchi Banninger, 1932
- Scarites (Scarites) cayennensis Dejean, 1825
- Scarites (Scarites) ceylonicus Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) colossus Csiki, 1927
- Scarites (Scarites) comoricus Alluaud, 1932
- Scarites (Scarites) corbetti Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) cormoides Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) costipennis Peringuey, 1896
- Scarites (Scarites) crassus Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) cylindriformis Banninger, 1933
- Scarites (Scarites) cylindronotus Faldermann, 1836
- Scarites (Scarites) defletus Banninger, 1933
- Scarites (Scarites) denticulatus Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) derogatus Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) distinguendus Chaudoir, 1855
- Scarites (Scarites) doguereaui Gory, 1833
- Scarites (Scarites) dubiosus Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) dyschromus Chaudoir, 1855
- Scarites (Scarites) edentatus Banninger, 1932
- Scarites (Scarites) emarginatus Herbst, 1806
- Scarites (Scarites) epaphius Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) estriatus Fairmaire, 1887
- Scarites (Scarites) eurytus Fischer von Waldheim, 1828 - spredt i Sør-Europa, også i Estland
- Scarites (Scarites) exaratus Dejean, 1825
- Scarites (Scarites) excavatus Kirby, 1818
- Scarites (Scarites) fairmairei Banninger, 1933
- Scarites (Scarites) fatuus Karsch, 1881
- Scarites (Scarites) feanus Banninger, 1937
- Scarites (Scarites) ferus Banninger, 1933
- Scarites (Scarites) fletcheri Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) granulatus Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) heterogrammus Perty, 1830
- Scarites (Scarites) hypsipus Alluaud, 1917
- Scarites (Scarites) illustris Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) inaequalis Fairmaire, 1893
- Scarites (Scarites) limitaneus Andrewes, 1932
- Scarites (Scarites) linearis Boheman, 1848
- Scarites (Scarites) liopterus Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) liostracus Alluaud, 1930
- Scarites (Scarites) lissopterus Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) lomaensis Basilewsky, 1972
- Scarites (Scarites) longiusculus Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) lubricipennis Minowa, 1932
- Scarites (Scarites) lunicollis Banninger, 1933
- Scarites (Scarites) madagascariensis Dejean, 1831
- Scarites (Scarites) malangensis Quedenfeldt, 1883
- Scarites (Scarites) mandarinus Banninger, 1928
- Scarites (Scarites) mandibularis Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) marinus Nichols, 1986
- Scarites (Scarites) mayumbensis Banninger, 1933
- Scarites (Scarites) melanarius Dejean, 1831
- Scarites (Scarites) migiurtinus G.Muller, 1944
- Scarites (Scarites) minowai Habu, 1947
- Scarites (Scarites) natalensis Boheman, 1848
- Scarites (Scarites) nigrita Boheman, 1848
- Scarites (Scarites) nitidiceps Baehr, 2002
- Scarites (Scarites) ocalensis Nichols, 1986
- Scarites (Scarites) orthomus Chaudoir, 1855
- Scarites (Scarites) paraguayensis Banninger, 1928
- Scarites (Scarites) parallelus Dejean, 1825
- Scarites (Scarites) passaloides Quedenfeldt, 1883
- Scarites (Scarites) patroclus Murray, 1857
- Scarites (Scarites) patruelis Leconte, 1845
- Scarites (Scarites) perplexus Dejean, 1825
- Scarites (Scarites) pinguis Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) politus Bonelli, 1813
- Scarites (Scarites) polyphemus Herbst, 1806
- Scarites (Scarites) praedator Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) procerus Dejean, 1825
- Scarites (Scarites) productus Banninger, 1933
- Scarites (Scarites) quadratus Fabricius, 1801
- Scarites (Scarites) quadriceps Chaudoir, 1843
- Scarites (Scarites) quadricostis Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) raptor Andrewes, 1932
- Scarites (Scarites) reductus Banninger, 1933
- Scarites (Scarites) retusus Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) richteri Chaudoir, 1847
- Scarites (Scarites) rugiceps Wiedemann, 1823
- Scarites (Scarites) rugosus Wiedemann, 1821
- Scarites (Scarites) salinus Dejean, 1825 - Sørøst-Europa
- Scarites (Scarites) scaevus Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) selene Schmidt-Gobel, 1846
- Scarites (Scarites) senegalensis Dejean, 1825
- Scarites (Scarites) similis Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) simogonus Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) stenodes Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) stenops Bousquet & Skelley, 2010
- Scarites (Scarites) strigifrons Baehr, 2002
- Scarites (Scarites) subpatroclus Basilewsky, 1972
- Scarites (Scarites) subrugatus Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) subterraneus Fabricius, 1775
- Scarites (Scarites) sulcatus Olivier, 1795
- Scarites (Scarites) tauropus Andrewes, 1929
- Scarites (Scarites) tenebricosus Dejean, 1831
- Scarites (Scarites) texanus Chaudoir, 1880
- Scarites (Scarites) timorensis Banninger, 1949
- Scarites (Scarites) trachydermon Andrewes, 1936
- Scarites (Scarites) unicus Minowa, 1932
- Scarites (Scarites) urbanus Minowa, 1932
- Scarites (Scarites) zambo Steinheil, 1875
- underslekt Taeniolobus Chaudoir, 1855
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) aberrans Banninger, 1941
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) bonariensis (Chaudoir, 1880)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) carinatus Dejean, 1825
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) convexipennis Fairmaire, 1868
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) convexiusculus (Chaudoir, 1880)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) corvinus Dejean, 1831 (Taeniolobus)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) cubanus (Banninger, 1937)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) deplanatus (Banninger, 1937)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) dubius Banninger, 1941
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) ecuadorensis Banninger, 1941
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) furcatus Banninger, 1941
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) gratus (Chaudoir, 1855)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) guerini (Chaudoir, 1855)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) holcocranius (Chaudoir, 1880)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) interpositus (Banninger, 1933)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) lebasii (Chaudoir, 1855)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) meridionalis Banninger, 1941
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) multisetosus Banninger, 1941
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) oberthueri Banninger, 1938
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) obliteratus Banninger, 1941
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) planatus Dejean, 1831
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) planiusculus (Chaudoir, 1855)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) pronotalis Banninger, 1941
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) reichei (Chaudoir, 1880)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) rugatus (Chaudoir, 1880)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) rugicollis Dejean, 1825
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) schubarti Banninger, 1939
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) seriepunctatus (Banninger, 1933)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) setosus Banninger, 1941
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) silvestris Castelnau, 1835
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) spectabilis (Chaudoir, 1880)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) subcostatus (Chaudoir, 1880)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) subsulcatus Dejean, 1831
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) sulciceps (Chaudoir, 1855)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) sulcifrons (Chaudoir, 1855)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) thiemei (Banninger, 1933)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) vilcanotanus (Banninger, 1932)
- Scarites (Taeniolobus) zikani Banninger, 1941
- underslekt Orientolobus Dostal, 1996
- slekten Scarites Fabricius 1775 – ikke i Norge
- stammen Scaritini Bonelli, 1810
- underfamilie graveløpere Scaritinae Bonelli, 1810
- familien løpebiller, Carabidae Latreille, 1802
- overfamilien løpebiller og vannkalver, Caraboidea Latreille, 1802
- underordenen Adephaga Schellenberg, 1806
Referanser
- ^ Scarites - Fauna Europaea Arkivert 4. juni 2011 hos Wayback Machine. søkedato: januar 2009
- ^ Carabidae of the World Arkivert 16. desember 2008 hos Wayback Machine.
Eksterne lenker
- (en) Scarites i Encyclopedia of Life
- (en) Scarites i Global Biodiversity Information Facility
- (en) Scarites hos Fauna Europaea
- (en) Scarites hos ITIS
- (en) Scarites hos NCBI
- (en) Kategori:Scarites – bilder, video eller lyd på Wikimedia Commons
- Scarites – detaljert informasjon på Wikispecies
- Scarites – Database Carabidae of the World[død lenke] – engelskspråklig
- Scarites - Fauna Europaea Arkivert 4. juni 2011 hos Wayback Machine. - engelskspråklig
- Norsk Entomologisk forening