Penaklukan England oleh Norman
Penaklukan Norman ke atas England | |||||||||
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![]() Tapestri Bayeux menggambarkan Pertempuran Hastings dan peristiwa yang menyebabkannya. | |||||||||
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Pihak yang terlibat | |||||||||
Kerajaan beraja England | ![]() | ||||||||
Komandan dan pemimpin | |||||||||
Harold Godwinson † Edgar si Ætheling | William si Penakluk William dari Normandy | ||||||||
Kekuatan | |||||||||
Kira-kira 100,000 | Kira-kira 100,000 | ||||||||
Kerugian dan korban | |||||||||
Tidak diketahui | Tidak diketahui |
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Norman-conquest-1066.svg/420px-Norman-conquest-1066.svg.png)
Penaklukan Norman ke atas England bermula pada 28 September 1066 dengan serangan ke atas England oleh William si Penakluk, Duke Normandy dan kemenangan beliau di Pertempuran Hastings pada 14 Oktober 1066 ke atas Raja Harold II dari England. Tentera Harold telah berkurang dengan banyaknya selepas kemenangan England di Pertempuran Jambatan Stamford di England Utara pada 25 September 1066 ke atas tentera Raja Harald III dari Norway. Pada awal tahun 1071, William berjaya menakluk kebanyakan kawasan di England, walau bagaimanapun pemberontakan dan penentangan berterusan sehingga sekitar tahun 1088.
Nota
Rujukan
- Bates, David (1982). Normandy Before 1066. London: Longman. ISBN 0-582-48492-8.
- Bates, David (2001). William the Conqueror. Stroud, UK: Tempus. ISBN 0-7524-1980-3.
- Campbell, J. (1982) The Anglo-Saxons, Oxford : Phaidon, ISBN 0-7148-2149-7
- Carpenter, David (2004). The Struggle for Mastery: The Penguin History of Britain 1066–1284. New York: Penguin. ISBN 0-14-014824-8.
- Chibnall, Marjorie (1986). Anglo-Norman England 1066–1166. Oxford: Basil Blackwell Publishers. ISBN 0-631-15439-6.
- Crouch, David (2007). The Normans: The History of a Dynasty. London: Hambledon & London. ISBN 1-85285-595-9.
- Douglas, David C. (1964). William the Conqueror: The Norman Impact Upon England. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Florence of Worcester, The Chronicle of John of Worcester, ed. P. McGurk, 3 vols (1995–8), Oxford: Clarendon
- The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumieges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigny, ed. M. C. Van Houts, 2 vols. (1992–5), Oxford: Oxford University Press
- Hallam, Elizabeth M.; Everard, Judith (2001). Capetian France 987–1328 (ed. Second). New York: Longman. ISBN 0-582-40428-2.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Higham, Nick (2000). The Death of Anglo-Saxon England. Stroud: Sutton. ISBN 0-7509-2469-1. Unknown parameter
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ignored (bantuan) - Huscroft, Richard (2005). Ruling England 1042–1217. London: Pearson/Longman. ISBN 0-582-84882-2.
- Hyland, Ann (1994). The Medieval Warhorse: From Byzantium to the Crusades. London: Grange Books. ISBN 1-85627-990-1.
- Kaufman, J. E. and Kaufman, H. W. (2001). The Medieval Fortress: Castles, Forts, and Walled Cities of the Middle Ages. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81358-0.CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
- Orderic Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, ed. Marjorie Chibnall, 6 vols. (1968–80), Oxford: Clarendon, ISBN 0-19-822243-2
- Rowse, A. L. (1979) The Story of Britain, London : Treasure, ISBN 0-907407-84-6
- Stafford, Pauline (1989). Unification and Conquest: A Political and Social History of England in the Tenth and Eleventh Centuries. London: Edward Arnold. ISBN 0-7131-6532-4.
- Stafford, Pauline. Missing or empty
|title=
(bantuan), "Women and the Norman Conquest," Transactions of the Royal Historical Society,. 6th ser., 4 (1996), 221-250. - Swanton, Michael James (trans.) (1998). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. New York: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-92129-5.
- Thomas, Hugh M. (2003) The English and the Normans, Oxford: Oxford University Press
- Thomas, Hugh M. (2003) 'The significance and fate of the native English landowners of 1086', English Historical Review 118 (2003), pp. 303–33
- Walker, Ian (2000). Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King. Gloucestershire: Wrens Park. ISBN 0-905-778-464.
- Williams, Ann (2003). Æthelred the Unready: The Ill-Counselled King. London: Hambledon & London. ISBN 1-85285-382-4.
- Williams, Ann (2000). The English and the Norman Conquest. Ipswich: Boydell Press. ISBN 0-85115-708-4.
Bacaan lanjut
- Chibnall, Marjorie (1999). Debate on the Norman Conquest. New York: St. Martin's Press.
- Humble, Richard (1992). The Fall of Saxon England. Barnes & Noble. ISBN 0880299878.
- Howarth, David (1981). 1066 The Year of the Conquest. Viking Penguin. ISBN 0140058508.
- Loyn, H. R., (1965). The Norman Conquest A synthesis for the general reader.
- Rex, Peter (2004). The English Resistance: The Underground War Against the Normans. Tempus Publishing Ltd. ISBN 0752428276.
- Savage, Anne (1997). The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles. CLB. ISBN 1858334780.
- van Houts, Elisabeth (1995). "The Norman Conquest through European Eyes". English Historical Review. The English Historical Review, Vol. 110, No. 438. 110 (438): 832–853. Cite has empty unknown parameters:
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(bantuan)
Pautan luar
- Essential Norman Conquest
- Normans – a background to the Conquest
- The Invasion of England, 1066