EAAT1

SLC1A3
識別子
記号SLC1A3, EA6, EAAT1, GLAST, GLAST1, solute carrier family 1 member 3
外部IDOMIM: 600111 MGI: 99917 HomoloGene: 20882 GeneCards: SLC1A3
遺伝子の位置 (ヒト)
5番染色体 (ヒト)
染色体5番染色体 (ヒト)[1]
5番染色体 (ヒト)
SLC1A3遺伝子の位置
SLC1A3遺伝子の位置
バンドデータ無し開始点36,596,588 bp[1]
終点36,688,334 bp[1]
遺伝子の位置 (マウス)
15番染色体 (マウス)
染色体15番染色体 (マウス)[2]
15番染色体 (マウス)
SLC1A3遺伝子の位置
SLC1A3遺伝子の位置
バンドデータ無し開始点8,663,608 bp[2]
終点8,740,248 bp[2]
RNA発現パターン
さらなる参照発現データ
遺伝子オントロジー
分子機能 amino acid binding
symporter activity
glutamate binding
L-glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
high-affinity glutamate transmembrane transporter activity
acidic amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
glutamate:sodium symporter activity
金属イオン結合
細胞の構成要素 integral component of membrane
cell projection

細胞膜
cell surface
neuronal cell body
neuron projection
細胞周辺
integral component of plasma membrane
生物学的プロセス 化学的シナプス伝達
gamma-aminobutyric acid biosynthetic process
glutamate biosynthetic process
neuromuscular process controlling balance
response to light stimulus
cell morphogenesis involved in neuron differentiation
cranial nerve development
response to antibiotic
イオン輸送
聴覚
glutamate secretion
auditory behavior
神経伝達物質の取り込み
response to wounding
positive regulation of synaptic transmission
glutamate metabolic process
L-glutamate import
amino acid transport
D-aspartate import across plasma membrane
potassium ion transmembrane transport
L-glutamate import across plasma membrane
L-aspartate import across plasma membrane
chloride transmembrane transport
L-glutamate transmembrane transport
出典:Amigo / QuickGO
オルソログ
ヒトマウス
Entrez

6507

20512

Ensembl

ENSG00000079215

ENSMUSG00000005360

UniProt

P43003

P56564

RefSeq
(mRNA)

NM_001166695
NM_001166696
NM_001289939
NM_001289940
NM_004172

NM_148938

RefSeq
(タンパク質)

NP_001160167
NP_001160168
NP_001276868
NP_001276869
NP_004163

NP_683740

場所
(UCSC)
Chr 5: 36.6 – 36.69 MbChr 5: 8.66 – 8.74 Mb
PubMed検索[3][4]
ウィキデータ
閲覧/編集 ヒト閲覧/編集 マウス

EAAT1(excitatory amino acid transporter 1)、SLC1A3(solute carrier family 1 member 3)またはGLAST1(glutamate/aspartate transporter 1)は、ヒトではSLC1A3遺伝子にコードされるタンパク質である[5]

EAAT1は主に細胞膜に発現しており、細胞外空間のグルタミン酸の除去を可能にする[6]。また、リンゴ酸-アスパラギン酸シャトルの構成因子として、ミトコンドリア内膜にも局在している[7]

機構

EAAT1はin vivoではホモ三量体として機能する[8]。EAAT1は、3つのNa+と1つのH+との共輸送、1つのK+との逆輸送によって、グルタミン酸とアスパラギン酸の輸送を媒介する。こうした輸送の共役(シンポート)によって、グルタミン酸を濃度勾配に逆らって細胞内へ輸送することが可能となる[9]

  • リンゴ酸-アスパラギン酸シャトルの模式図。グルタミン酸/アスパラギン酸トランスポーターは下部中央に示されている。
    リンゴ酸-アスパラギン酸シャトルの模式図。グルタミン酸/アスパラギン酸トランスポーターは下部中央に示されている。
  • バーグマングリア線維におけるSLC1A3の発現。出生後7日マウス脳、矢状断、GENSATデータベース。
    バーグマングリア線維におけるSLC1A3の発現。出生後7日マウス脳、矢状断、GENSATデータベース。

組織分布

EAAT1は中枢神経系全体に発現しており[10]小脳アストロサイトバーグマングリアで高度に発現している[11][12]網膜においては、EAAT1はミュラー細胞(英語版)に発現している[13]。EAAT1は、心筋細胞など他のいくつかの組織でも発現している[7]

臨床的意義

EAAT1は周期性失調症6型(EA6)と関係している[14]。EAAT1の発現は、変形性関節症と関係している可能性もある[15]

薬理

TBOA(DL-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate)は、興奮性アミノ酸トランスポーター(EAAT)の阻害剤である[16]

2-amino-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrilの4位と7位を置換した25種類の化合物による検討から、EAAT1選択性を示す阻害剤が発見されている[17]

出典

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000079215 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000005360 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ Human PubMed Reference:
  4. ^ Mouse PubMed Reference:
  5. ^ “Entrez Gene: SLC1A3 solute carrier family 1 (glial high affinity glutamate transporter), member 3”. 2023年5月7日閲覧。
  6. ^ “Differential expression of two glial glutamate transporters in the rat brain: quantitative and immunocytochemical observations”. The Journal of Neuroscience 15 (3 Pt 1): 1835–53. (March 1995). doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.15-03-01835.1995. PMC 6578153. PMID 7891138. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6578153/. 
  7. ^ a b “Localization and function of the brain excitatory amino acid transporter type 1 in cardiac mitochondria”. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 37 (1): 33–41. (July 2004). doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.04.008. PMID 15242733. 
  8. ^ “A trimeric quaternary structure is conserved in bacterial and human glutamate transporters”. The Journal of Biological Chemistry 279 (38): 39505–12. (September 2004). doi:10.1074/jbc.M408038200. PMID 15265858. 
  9. ^ “The glutamate/neutral amino acid transporter family SLC1: molecular, physiological and pharmacological aspects”. Pflügers Archiv 447 (5): 469–79. (February 2004). doi:10.1007/s00424-003-1146-4. PMID 14530974. 
  10. ^ “Glutamate uptake”. Progress in Neurobiology 65 (1): 1–105. (September 2001). doi:10.1016/S0301-0082(00)00067-8. PMID 11369436. 
  11. ^ “Structure, expression, and functional analysis of a Na(+)-dependent glutamate/aspartate transporter from rat brain”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 89 (22): 10955–9. (November 1992). Bibcode: 1992PNAS...8910955S. doi:10.1073/pnas.89.22.10955. PMC 50461. PMID 1279699. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC50461/. 
  12. ^ “Localization of neuronal and glial glutamate transporters”. Neuron 13 (3): 713–25. (September 1994). doi:10.1016/0896-6273(94)90038-8. PMID 7917301. 
  13. ^ “High-affinity glutamate transporters in the rat retina: a major role of the glial glutamate transporter GLAST-1 in transmitter clearance”. Cell and Tissue Research 291 (1): 19–31. (January 1998). doi:10.1007/s004410050976. PMID 9394040. 
  14. ^ “Mutation in the glutamate transporter EAAT1 causes episodic ataxia, hemiplegia, and seizures”. Neurology 65 (4): 529–34. (August 2005). doi:10.1212/01.WNL.0000172638.58172.5a. PMID 16116111. 
  15. ^ “Expression of glutamate receptors and transporters in human subchondral bone in osteoarthritis”. Orthopaedic Proceedings (The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery) 93-B (SUPP_I): 411. (July 2010). doi:10.1302/0301-620X.93BSUPP_I.0930069b. https://online.boneandjoint.org.uk/doi/abs/10.1302/0301-620X.93BSUPP_I.0930069b. 
  16. ^ “DL-threo-beta-benzyloxyaspartate, a potent blocker of excitatory amino acid transporters”. Molecular Pharmacology 53 (2): 195–201. (February 1998). doi:10.1124/mol.53.2.195. PMID 9463476. 
  17. ^ “Discovery of the first selective inhibitor of excitatory amino acid transporter subtype 1”. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 52 (4): 912–5. (February 2009). doi:10.1021/jm8013458. PMID 19161278. 

関連文献

  • “Functional comparisons of three glutamate transporter subtypes cloned from human motor cortex”. The Journal of Neuroscience 14 (9): 5559–69. (September 1994). doi:10.1523/jneurosci.14-09-05559.1994. PMC 6577102. PMID 7521911. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6577102/. 
  • “Prediction of the coding sequences of unidentified human genes. II. The coding sequences of 40 new genes (KIAA0041-KIAA0080) deduced by analysis of cDNA clones from human cell line KG-1”. DNA Research 1 (5): 223–9. (1995). doi:10.1093/dnares/1.5.223. PMID 7584044. 
  • “Localization of the gene (SLC1A3) encoding human glutamate transporter (GluT-1) to 5p13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization”. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 69 (3–4): 209–10. (1995). doi:10.1159/000133965. PMID 7698014. 
  • “Neuron-specific human glutamate transporter: molecular cloning, characterization and expression in human brain”. Brain Research 662 (1–2): 245–50. (October 1994). doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90819-2. PMID 7859077. 
  • “The mouse and human excitatory amino acid transporter gene (EAAT1) maps to mouse chromosome 15 and a region of syntenic homology on human chromosome 5”. Genomics 22 (3): 631–3. (August 1994). doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1437. PMID 8001975. 
  • “Cloning and expression of a human glutamate transporter”. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 199 (1): 171–6. (February 1994). doi:10.1006/bbrc.1994.1210. PMID 8123008. 
  • “Cloning and characterization of a glutamate transporter cDNA from human cerebellum”. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression 1216 (1): 161–4. (October 1993). doi:10.1016/0167-4781(93)90057-K. PMID 8218410. 
  • “A "double adaptor" method for improved shotgun library construction”. Analytical Biochemistry 236 (1): 107–13. (April 1996). doi:10.1006/abio.1996.0138. PMID 8619474. 
  • “Human high affinity, Na(+)-dependent L-glutamate/L-aspartate transporter GLAST-1 (EAAT-1): gene structure and localization to chromosome 5p11-p12”. FEBS Letters 386 (2–3): 189–93. (May 1996). doi:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00424-3. PMID 8647279. 
  • “Large-scale concatenation cDNA sequencing”. Genome Research 7 (4): 353–8. (April 1997). doi:10.1101/gr.7.4.353. PMC 139146. PMID 9110174. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC139146/. 
  • “Properties of excitatory amino acid transport in the human U373 astrocytoma cell line”. Brain Research 839 (2): 235–42. (August 1999). doi:10.1016/S0006-8993(99)01714-X. PMID 10519046. 
  • “Differentiation of substrate and nonsubstrate inhibitors of the high-affinity, sodium-dependent glutamate transporters”. Molecular Pharmacology 56 (6): 1095–104. (December 1999). doi:10.1124/mol.56.6.1095. PMID 10570036. 
  • “Compromised glutamate transport in human glioma cells: reduction-mislocalization of sodium-dependent glutamate transporters and enhanced activity of cystine-glutamate exchange”. The Journal of Neuroscience 19 (24): 10767–77. (December 1999). doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-24-10767.1999. PMC 6784962. PMID 10594060. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6784962/. 
  • “Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1-infected T lymphocytes impair catabolism and uptake of glutamate by astrocytes via Tax-1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha”. Journal of Virology 74 (14): 6433–41. (July 2000). doi:10.1128/JVI.74.14.6433-6441.2000. PMC 112151. PMID 10864655. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC112151/. 
  • “EAAT1 is involved in transport of L-glutamate during differentiation of the Caco-2 cell line”. American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 279 (2): G366-73. (August 2000). doi:10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.2.G366. PMID 10915646. 
  • “Sulfhydryl modification of V449C in the glutamate transporter EAAT1 abolishes substrate transport but not the substrate-gated anion conductance”. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 98 (26): 15324–9. (December 2001). Bibcode: 2001PNAS...9815324S. doi:10.1073/pnas.011400198. PMC 65028. PMID 11752470. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC65028/. 
  • “Benzodiazepines differently modulate EAAT1/GLAST and EAAT2/GLT1 glutamate transporters expressed in CHO cells”. Neurochemistry International 40 (4): 321–6. (April 2002). doi:10.1016/S0197-0186(01)00087-0. PMID 11792462. 
  • “Aberrant expression of the glutamate transporter excitatory amino acid transporter 1 (EAAT1) in Alzheimer's disease”. The Journal of Neuroscience 22 (3): RC206. (February 2002). doi:10.1523/jneurosci.22-03-j0004.2002. PMC 6758536. PMID 11826152. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6758536/. 
  • “Expression of excitatory amino acid transporter-1 in brain macrophages and microglia of HIV-infected patients. A neuroprotective role for activated microglia?”. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology 62 (5): 475–85. (May 2003). doi:10.1093/jnen/62.5.475. PMID 12769187. 

外部リンク