Cuzco Quechua
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Qosqo runasimi |
話される国 | Peru |
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創案時期 | 1989–2002 |
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話者数 | c. 1.5 million |
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言語系統 | |
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言語コード |
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ISO 639-3 | 各種:
quz — Cusco
qve — Eastern Apurímac |
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Glottolog | cusc1236 Cusco[1]
east2551 Eastern Apurímac[2] |
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テンプレートを表示 |
クスコ・ケチュア語 (ケチュア語: Qusqu qhichwa simi、スペイン語: Quechua cusqueño、英語: Cuzco Quechua)はペルーのクスコとクスコ県で話される南部ケチュア語の方言である。
クスコにあるケチュア語大アカデミー (Academia Mayor de la Lengua Quechua)で使われるケチュア語の変種であり、アカデミーはまたスペイン語基準の5母音のアルファベットを好んでいる[3]。一方で、教育省が用いる公式アルファベットには母音が3つしかない[4]。
音韻
クスコ・ケチュア語の母音音素が/a, e, i, o, u/の5つなのか、それとも/a, ɪ, ʊ/の3つなのかについては議論がある[5]。歴史的にケチュア祖語には3つの母音音素/*a, *ɪ, *ʊ/があったことが明らかであり、他のケチュア語の変種には音韻論的母音長の出現や単母音化の結果、母音数が増加したものもあるが、クスコ語に関する現在の議論は音韻論的なものではなく、単なる正書法的なものであると思われる[6]。
音素 | IPA音声表記 | 3母音アルファベット | 5母音アルファベット |
/a/ | [æ, a, ɑ] | a | a |
/ɪ/ | [i, ɪ, e, ɛ] | i | i [i, ɪ], e [e, ɛ] |
/ʊ/ | [u, ʊ, o, ɔ] | u | u [u, ʊ], o [o, ɔ] |
子音 | Bilabial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal |
Stop | plain | /p/ | /t/ | /t͡ʃ/ | /k/ | /q/ | |
aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /t͡ʃʰ/ | /kʰ/ | /qʰ/ | |
ejective | /pʼ/ | /tʼ/ | /t͡ʃʼ/ | /kʼ/ | /qʼ/ | |
Fricative | | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /x/ | /χ/ | /h/ |
Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | | | |
Approximant | plain | | | /j/ | /w/ | | |
lateral | | /l/ | /ʎ/ | | | |
Flap | | ɾ | | | | |
文法
代名詞
[7] | Cuzco Quechua | Northern Quechua | Ancash Quechua | English |
1º | noqa/ñoqa | ñuka | nuqa | I |
2º | qan | kan | qam | you |
3º | pay | pay | pay | he, she, it |
4º | noqanchis/ñoqanchis | ñukanchik (ñukapash kanpash) | nuqantsik | we (inclusive) |
5º | noqayku/ñoqayku | ñukanchik (shinapash mana kan/kikin) | nuqakuna | we (exclusive) |
6º | qankuna | qamkuna | qamkuna | you (plural) |
7º | paykuna | paykuna | paykuna | they |
名詞
wasi 「家」という語を用いた例 Function | Suffix | Example | Translation |
Suffix indicating number | Plural | -kuna | wasikuna | houses |
Possessive suffix | 1st person singular | -y | wasiy | my house |
2nd person singular | -yki | wasiyki | your house |
3rd person singular | -n | wasin | his/her/its house |
1st person plural (incl.) | -nchis | wasinchis | our house (incl.) |
1st person plural (excl.) | -y-ku | wasiyku | our house (excl.) |
2nd person plural | -yki-chis | wasiykichis | your (pl.) house |
3rd person plural | -n-ku | wasinku | their house |
Suffixes indicating case | nominative | – | wasi | the house (subj.) |
accusative | -(k)ta | wasita | the house (obj.) |
instrumental | -wan | wasiwan | with the house, and the house |
abessive | -naq | wasinaq | without the house |
dative | -paq | wasipaq | to the house |
genitive | -q/-pa | wasiq | of the house |
causative | -rayku | wasirayku | because of the house |
benefactive | -paq | wasipaq | for the house |
locative | -pi | wasipi | at the house |
directional | -man | wasiman | towards the house |
inclusive | -piwan, puwan | wasipiwan, wasipuwan | including the house |
terminative | -kama, -yaq | wasikama, wasiyaq | up to the house |
transitive | -(rin)ta | wasinta | through the house |
ablative | -manta, -piqta | wasimanta, wasipiqta | off/from the house |
comitative | -(ni)ntin | wasintin | along with the house |
immediate | -raq | wasiraq | first the house |
intrative | -pura | wasipura | among the houses |
exclusive | -lla(n) | wasilla(n) | only the house |
comparative | -naw, -hina | wasinaw, wasihina | like the house |
Adjectives
Verbs
References
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin et al., eds (2016). “Cusco Quechua”. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/cusc1236
- ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin et al., eds (2016). “Eastern Apurímac Quechua”. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. http://glottolog.org/resource/languoid/id/east2551
- ^ Nancy Hornberger & Kendall King, "Authenticity and Unification in Quechua Language Planning" Language, Culture and Curriculum 11 3 (1998): 390 - 410. http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1059&context=gse_pubs
- ^ Nonato Rufino Chuquimamani Valer. Yachakuqkunapa Simi Qullqa - Qusqu-Qullaw Qhichwa Simipi Archived 2011-08-24 at the Wayback Machine. (Quechua-Quechua-Spanish dictionary). Lima: Ministerio de Educación, 2005.
- ^ “SAPhon – South American Phonological Inventories” (英語). linguistics.berkeley.edu. 2018年8月10日閲覧。
- ^ Adelaar, Willem F. H. (2014). The Andean three-vowel system and its effect on the development of a modern orthography for the Aimaran and Quechuan languages. Scripta, 6, 33–46. Available at <https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/71388>.
- ^ “Personal pronouns in Quechua Cusco”. Quechua Language (2019年12月23日). 2020年4月22日時点のオリジナルよりアーカイブ。2020年3月5日閲覧。
外部リンク
- Simi Taqe Qheswa - Español - Qheswa (Qheswa simi hamut'ana kuraq suntur), Qosqo, Peru, 2006 (pdf 3,8 MB). Dictionary of the AMLQ: Cusco-Quechua - Spanish, Spanish - Cusco-Quechua.
- Collections in the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America
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