Tavola vibrante
La tavola vibrante (o anche tavola sismica) è un'apparecchiatura in grado di testare la resistenza sismica di una struttura.
La tavola vibrante, infatti, è in grado di sottoporre a vibrazione elementi strutturali, o interi modelli di strutture, con una vasta gamma di input che simulano il movimento del terreno, anche riproducendo il moto registrato da sismografi in occasione di terremoti realmente avvenuti.
Esse, perciò, sono impiegate estesamente nel campo dell'ingegneria sismica in quanto costituiscono l'unico strumento in grado di sollecitare dei modelli di strutture in condizioni molto simili a un terremoto vero, fornendo, quindi, indicazioni estremamente rappresentative per la ricerca su nuovi materiali, dispositivi e tecniche costruttive, verificandone l'efficacia antisismica.
Le prime apparecchiature di questo genere, inventate presso l'Università di Tokyo nel 1893 per la caratterizzazione delle tecniche costruttive, scorrevano su semplici rulli meccanici[1]. Le moderne tavole vibranti, invece, sono tipicamente dotate di una piattaforma rettangolare capace di movimenti fino a 6 gradi di libertà tramite la spinta di attuatori servo-idraulici.
Il provino (struttura o elemento strutturale da testare) è fissato alla piattaforma e sottoposto a scuotimento, spesso fino a raggiungere il danneggiamento strutturale, e in alcuni casi anche il collasso. Con l'analisi dei dati acquisiti dai sensori posizionati sul provino e dei filmati delle prove è possibile interpretarne il comportamento dinamico.
Inoltre, tali apparecchiature sono spesso capaci di riprodurre vibrazioni anche di altro tipo, come quelle a cui sono tipicamente soggetti i vari mezzi di trasporto. Pertanto, vengono impiegate anche nei processi di studio e di qualificazione dei prodotti e dei componenti dell'industria meccanica, aeronautica, ferroviaria e navale, specialmente qualora tali prodotti siano destinati a impieghi che necessitano requisiti a vibrazione particolarmente stringenti (ad es. in ambito militare[2], aerospaziale[3][4] ecc.).
Lista delle principali tavole vibranti nel mondo
Questa lista era originariamente basata sulle informazioni reperibili dai seguenti documenti: Experimental Facilities for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Worldwide[5], Directory of International Earthquake Engineering Research Facilities[6] e pubblicazioni di Chowdhury[7], Duarte[8], Kamimura e Nakashima[9] e EERI[10].
Continente | Paese | Stato | Ubicazione impianto | Dimensioni (m) | Carico massimo (t) | Gradi di libertà | Spost X (mm) | Spost Y (mm) | Spost Z (mm) | Vel X (mm/s) | Vel Y (mm/s) | Vel Z (mm/s) | Accel X (m/s2) | Accel Y (m/s2) | Accel Z (m/s2) | Max Freq (Hz) | Dettagli controllati il |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Africa | Algeria | - | CGS Laboratory, Algeri[11] | 6.1 x 6.1 | 60 | 6 | ±150 | ±250 | ±100 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±1000 | ±10 | ±10 | ±8 | 100 | 13/6/2015 |
Africa | Sud Africa | - | University of Witwatersrand[12] | 4 x 4 | 10 | 1 | ±750 | n/a | n/a | ±1000 | n/a | n/a | ±10 | n/a | n/a | 40 | 17/7/2009 |
Asia | Cina | - | China Academy of Building Research[13][14], Pechino | 6.1 x 6.1 | 60 | 6 | ±150 | ±250 | ±100 | ±1000 | ±1200 | ±800 | ±15 | ±10 | ±8 | 50 | ? |
Asia | Cina | - | Guangzhou University[15] | 3 x 3 | 20 | 6 | ±100 | ±100 | ±50 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±26 | ±26 | ±50 | 50 | 10/7/2008 |
Asia | Cina | - | Nanjing University of Technology[14] | 3 x 5 | 15 | 3 | ±120 | ±120 | ±120 | ±500 | ±500 | ±500 | ±10 | ±10 | ±10 | 50 | ? |
Asia | Cina | - | Tongji University, Shanghai[14] | 4 x 4 | 25 | 6 | ±100 | ±50 | ±50 | ±1000 | ±600 | ±600 | ±40 | ±20 | ±40 | 50 | ? |
Asia | Cina | - | Xi'a University of Architecture & Technology | 2 x 2 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | Singapore | - | Nanyang Technological University | 3 x 3 | 10 | 1 | ±120 | n/a | n/a | ±650 | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 23/7/2008 |
Asia | Hong Kong | - | City University of Hong Kong | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | Hong Kong | - | Hong Kong Polytechnic University[16] | 3 x 3 | 10 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 10 | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | India | - | Jamia Millia Islamia[17], New Delhi | 5 x 5 | 20 | 1 | ±500 | n/a | n/a | ? | ? | ? | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 100 | ? |
Asia | India | - | IIT Guwahati[18] | 2.5 x 2.5 | 5 | 1 | ±500 | n/a | n/a | ? | ? | ? | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 100 | ? |
Asia | India | - | CPRI Bangalore[19], Karnataka | 3 x 3 | 10 | 6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | India | - | IISc[20], Bangalore | 1 x 1 | 0.5 | 6 | ±220 | ±220 | ±100 | ±570 | ±570 | ±570 | ±30 | ±30 | ±20 | 50 | 23/7/2008 |
Asia | India | - | SERC[19], Chennai (1 di 3), Tamil Nadu | 4 x 4 | 30 | 3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | India | - | SERC[19], Chennai (2 di 3), Tamil Nadu | 2 x 2 | 5 | 3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | India | - | SERC[21], Chennai (3 di 3), Tamil Nadu | 3 x 3 | 10 | 6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | India | - | Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Chennai, Tamil Nadu | 3 x 3 | 10 | 6 | ±100 | ±100 | ±100 | 300 | 300 | ? | ±14.715 | ±14.715 | 9.81 | 100 | ? |
Asia | India | - | IIT Roorkee[19][22] Uttarakhand | 3.5 x 3.5 | 20 | 2 | ? | n/a | ? | ? | n/a | ? | ? | n/a | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | India | - | IIT Kanpur[23], Uttar Pradesh | 1.2 x 1.8 | 4 | 1 | ±75 | n/a | n/a | ±1500 | n/a | n/a | ±50 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 25/6/2009 |
Asia | India | - | Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur[24], West Bengal | 1.5 x 1.5 | ? | 1 | ? | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ? | 19/11/2009 |
Asia | Iran | - | International Institute of Earthquake Engineering ans Seismology (IIEES) | 1.4 x 1.2 | 2 | 1 | ±35 | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ±40 | n/a | n/a | ? | ? |
Asia | Iran | - | Iran University of Science & Technology (IUST) | 2 x 0.5 | 5 | 1 | ±60 | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ±6.5 | n/a | n/a | ? | ? |
Asia | Iran | - | Sharif University of Technology (SUT)) | 4 x 4 | 30 | 3 | ±125 | ±200 | ? | ±500 | ±800 | ? | ±50 | ±40 | ? | 50 | 7/19/2011 |
Asia | Giappone | - | Aichi Institute of Technology | 11 x 6 | 136 | 1 | ±150 | ? | ? | ±1000 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Building Research Institute | 3 x 4 | 20 | 3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry[25] | 5 x 5 | 60 | 1 | ±500 | n/a | n/a | ±1500 | n/a | n/a | ±10 | n/a | n/a | 30 | 12/3/2008 |
Asia | Giappone | - | NIED ‘E-Defence’ Laboratory, Miki City[26] | 20 x 15 | 1200 | 6 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±500 | ±2000 | ±2000 | ±700 | ±9 | ±9 | ±15 | 50 | 3/3/2008 |
Asia | Giappone | - | Fujita Corporation | 4 x 4 | 25 | 1 | ±500 | n/a | n/a | ±1500 | n/a | n/a | ±10 | n/a | n/a | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Hazama Corp Ltd. | 6 x 4 | 80 | 3 | ±300 | ±150 | ±100 | ±1150 | ? | ? | ±20 | ±3 | ±2 | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Hitachi Engineering Corp | 4 x 4 | 20 | 1 | ±150 | ? | ? | ±750 | ? | ? | ±20 | ? | ? | 30 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Corp. | 4.5 x 4.5 | 35 | 6 | ±100 | ±100 | ±67 | ±750 | ±750 | ±500 | ±15 | ±15 | ±10 | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | JDC Corp. | ? | 20 | 6 | ±300 | ? | ? | ±1000 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Kawasaki Heavy Industries Corp. | ? | 30 | 3 | ±75 | ? | ? | ±400 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Kajima Corp. Ltd. (1 di 2)[27] | 5 x 5 | 50 | 6 | ±200 | ±200 | ±100 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±500 | ±20 | ±20 | ±20 | 60 | 3/3/2008 |
Asia | Giappone | - | Kajima Corp. Ltd. (2 di 2) | 4 x 4 | 20 | 2 | ±150 | n/a | ±75 | ±1140 | n/a | ±4450 | ±20 | n/a | ±10 | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Kumagai-Gumi Corp Ltd | 5 x 5 | 64 | 6 | ±80 | ±260 | ±50 | ±600 | ±1500 | ±500 | ±30 | ±10 | ±10 | 70 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Kyoto University | 5 x 3 | 14 | 6 | ±300 | ? | ? | ±1500 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Kyoto University Disaster Prevention Research Centre[28] | 3.5 diametro | ? | 6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Ministry of Construction | 6 x 8 | 100 | 2 | ±75 | n/a | ? | ±600 | n/a | ? | ±7 | n/a | ? | 30 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Mitsubishi Electric Corp. | ? | 40 | 2 | ±100 | ? | ? | ±700 | ? | ? | ±25 | ? | ? | 30 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Corp. | ? | 100 | 3 | ±50 | ? | ? | ±1500 | ? | ? | ±20 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | National Research Institute of Agriculture Engineering | 6 x 4 | 45 | 3 | ±150 | ? | ? | ±750 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 40 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | NIED (Nat. Inst. for Disaster Prevention) (1 di 2) | 6 x 6 | 1100 | 3 | ±1000 | ? | ? | ±2000 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 15 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | NIED (Nat. Inst. for Disaster Prevention) (2 di 2) | 12 x 12 | 500 | 1 | ±220 | ? | ? | ±900 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Nishimatsu Construction Corp | 5.5 x 5.5 | 65 | 6 | ±500 | ? | ? | ±1500 | ? | ? | ±20 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation | 15 x 15 | 908 | 2 | ±200 | n/a | ±100 | ±750 | n/a | ±375 | ±18 | n/a | ±9 | 30 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | NYK Corporation | 2.6 x 2.6 | 20 | 6 | ±200 | ? | ? | ±600 | ? | ? | ±20 | ? | ? | 80 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Obayashi-Gumi Corporation | 5 x 5 | 46 | 3 | ±600 | ? | ? | ±2000 | ? | ? | ±30 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Okumura Corp. | ? | 60 | 6 | ±125 | ? | ? | ±1000 | ? | ? | ±30 | ? | ? | 70 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Penta-Ocean Construction Co. Ltd. (1 di 2) | ? | 60 | 6 | ±300 | ? | ? | ±1000 | ? | ? | ±5 | ? | ? | 70 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Penta-Ocean Construction Co. Ltd. (2 di 2) | ? | 60 | 6 | ±200 | ? | ? | ±750 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 70 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Port and Airport Research Institute | 3.4 x 3.4 | 55 | 2 | ±200 | n/a | ±100 | ±750 | ±500 | n/a | ±8 | ±15 | n/a | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Public Works Research Institute (PWRI)[29] | 8 x 8 | 300 | 6 | ±600 | ±600 | ±300 | ±2000 | ±2000 | ±1000 | ±20 | ±20 | ±10 | 50 | 10/5/2008 |
Asia | Giappone | - | Sanryo Heavy Industries Corporation | 6 x 6 | 90.7 | 3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Shimizu Corporation | 4 x 4 | 20 | 3 | ±200 | ? | ? | ±1000 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Taisei Corp Ltd | 4 x 4 | 20 | 2 | ±200 | ? | ? | ±450 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Tobishima Corp Ltd | 4 x 4 | 20 | 2 | ±75 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ±15 | ? | ? | 30 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Tobishima Corp Ltd | ? | 20 | 6 | ±200 | ? | ? | ±800 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 30 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Tokyu Const. Corp. | 4 x 4 | 30 | 6 | ±500 | ±200 | ±100 | ±1500 | ±1000 | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 30 | ? |
Asia | Giappone | - | Toshiba Electric Co. | 5 x 5 | 20 | 2 | ±750 | n/a | ±380 | ±400 | n/a | ±250 | ±10 | n/a | ±7 | 30 | ? |
Asia | Sud Corea | - | Hyundai Institute of Construction Technology Development (1 di 2)[30] | 2 x 2 | 5 | 2 | ±75 | ±75 | n/a | ±500 | ±500 | n/a | ±10 | ±10 | n/a | ? | 5/2/2009 |
Asia | Sud Corea | - | Hyundai Institute of Construction Technology Development (2 of 2) | 5 x 3 | 30 | 1 | ±100 | n/a | n/a | ±500 | n/a | n/a | ±10 | n/a | n/a | ? | 5/2/2009 |
Asia | Sud Corea | - | Korea Institute of Machinery and Metals, Changwon | 4 x 4 | 30 | 6 | ±200 | ±200 | ±134 | ±750 | ±750 | ±500 | ±15 | ±15 | ±10 | 50 | ? |
Asia | Sud Corea | - | Pusan National University (1 di 3)[31] | 5 x 5 | 300 | 2 | ±300 | ±200 | n/a | ±1000 | ±1000 | n/a | ±20 | ±20 | n/a | 60 | 24/7/2008 |
Asia | Sud Corea | - | Pusan National University (2 di 3)[31] | 5 x 5 | 600 | 2 | ±300 | ±200 | n/a | ±1000 | ±1000 | n/a | ±30 | ±30 | n/a | 60 | 24/7/2008 |
Asia | Sud Corea | - | Pusan National University (3 di 3)[31] | 4 x 4 | 300 | 6 | ±300 | ±200 | ±150 | ±1500 | ±1500 | ±1000 | ±20 | ±20 | ±40 | 60 | 24/7/2008 |
Asia | Malesia | - | Sabah University | 1.5 x 1.5 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | Pakistan | - | Earthquake Engineering Center, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar[32] | 6.0 x 6.0 | 60 | 6 | ±300 | ±300 | ±300 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±14.7 | ±14.7 | ±14.7 | 50 | |
Asia | Taiwan | - | National Center for Research in Earthquake Engineering[33] | 5 x 5 | 50 | 6 | ±250 | ±100 | ±100 | ±1000 | ±600 | ±500 | ±10 | ±30 | ±10 | 50 | 12/3/2008 |
Europa | Francia | - | Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), AZALEE (1 di 3)[34] | 6 x 6 | 100 | 6 | ±125 | ±125 | ±100 | ±700 | ±700 | ±700 | ±10 | ±10 | ±25 | 50 | 27/01/2011 |
Europa | Francia | - | Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), VESUVE (2 di 3)[34] | 4 x 3 | 20 | 1 | ±125 | n/a | n/a | ±1000 | n/a | n/a | ±10 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 27/01/2011 |
Europa | Francia | - | Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), TOURNESOL (3 di 3)[34] | 2 x 2 | 10 | 3 | ±125 | n/a | ±100 | ±2000 | n/a | ±1300 | ±10 | n/a | 10 | 50 | 27/01/2011 |
Europa | Francia | - | FCBA Institut technologique,[35] Bordeaux | 6 x 6 | 10 | 1 | ±125 | n/a | n/a | ±800 | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 02/2011 |
Europa | Grecia | - | Aristotle University of Thessaloniki | 1.2 x 1.2 | 15 | 2 | ±50 | n/a | ±50 | ? | n/a | ? | ? | n/a | ? | 30 | ? |
Europa | Grecia | - | National Technical University of Athens[36] | 4 x 4 | 10 | 6 | ±100 | ±100 | ±100 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±20 | ±20 | ±40 | 100 | 12/3/2008 |
Europa | Italia | - | Ansaldo Nucleare, Genova[37] | 3.5 x 3.5 | 6 | 3 | ±70 | ? | ? | ±860 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 60 | ? |
Europa | Italia | - | Dipartimento di Strutture per l'Ingegneria e l'Architettura, Università di Napoli "Federico II"[38] | 4 x 4 | 20 | 2 | ±250 | ±250 | n/a | ±1000 | ±1000 | n/a | 10 | 10 | n/a | 50 | - |
Europa | Italia | - | ENEA (Casaccia R. C.) - System 1[39] (1 di 2) | 4 x 4 | 30 | 6 | ±125 | ±125 | ±125 | ±500 | ±500 | ±500 | ±30 | ±30 | ±30 | 50 | 13/6/2015 |
Europa | Italia | - | ENEA (Casaccia R. C.) - System 2[39] (2 di 2) | 2 x 2 | 5 | 6 | ±150 | ±150 | ±150 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±50 | ±50 | ±50 | 100 | 13/6/2015 |
Europa | Italia | - | CESI S.p.A., Static & Dynamic Testing Laboratories, Seriate (BG) | 4 x 4 | 30 | 6 | ±100 | ±100 | ±100 | ±440 | ±440 | ±440 | ±50 | ±50 | ? | 120 | 13/6/2015 |
Europa | Italia | - | European Centre for Training & Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE)[40] - Shake LAB | 5.6 x 7 | 140 | 1 | ±500 | - | - | ±2200 | - | - | 59 | - | - | 84 | 20/10/2020 |
Europa | Italia | - | European Centre for Training & Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE)[40] - 6DLAB | 4.8 x 4.8 | 30 | 6 | ±500 | ±500 | ±140 | ±2000 | ±2000 | ±500 | - | - | - | 60 | 20/10/2020 |
Europa | Italia | - | European Centre for Training & Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE)[40] - Bearing Testing System | 1.6 x 4.4 | 5000 (vertical load) | 5 | ±500 | ±265 | 140 | ±2200 | ±600 | ±250 | 18 | - | - | 20 | - |
Europa | Italia | - | European Centre for Training & Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE)[40] - Damper Testing System | 1.5 x 2 | 50 | 1 | ±250 | - | - | ±1180 | - | - | 10 | - | - | 20 | - |
Europe | Italy | Laboratory of Earthquake engineering and Dynamic Analysis (LEDA) - "Kore" University of Enna (2 identical shaking tables)[41] | 4 x 4 | 60 | 6 | ±400 | ±400 | ±250 | ±2200 | ±2200 | ±1500 | ±15 | ±15 | ±10 | 60 | 21/7/2017 | |
Europe | Italy | Laboratory of Earthquake engineering and Dynamic Analysis (LEDA) - "Kore" University of Enna (connected table)[41] | 10 x 4 | 100 | 6 | ±400 | ±400 | ±250 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±750 | ±10.5 | ±10.5 | ±7 | 60 | 21/7/2017 | |
Europe | Macedonia | - | Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje (1 di 2)[42] | 5 x 5 | 40 | 5 | n/a | ±125 | ±60 | n/a | ±1000 | ±500 | n/a | ±30 | ±15 | 80 | 20/9/2011 |
Europe | Macedonia | - | Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje (2 di 2)[42] | 1.4 x 2.5 | 8 | 1 | ±100 | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 80 | 7/7/2008 |
Europa | Olanda | - | European Space Agency (ESA) ESTEC Test Centre, Noordwijk | 5.5 x 5.5 | 22.5 | 6 | ±70 | ±70 | ±70 | ±800 | ±800 | ±800 | ±50 | ±50 | ±50 | 2-100 | 23/7/2008 |
Europa | Portogallo | - | Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC), Lisbona | 5.6 x 5.6 | 40 | 3 | ±175 | ±175 | ±175 | ±200 | ±200 | ±200 | ±18 | ±11 | ±6 | 20 | ? |
Europa | Russia | - | Hydroproject Research Institute | 5 x 5 | 50 | 3 | ±70 | ±70 | ±40 | ±600 | ? | ? | ±20 | ±20 | ? | 40 | ? |
Europa | Spagna | - | CEDEX, Madrid[43][44] | 3 x 3 | 10 | 6 | ±100 | ±100 | ±50 | ? | ? | ? | ±10 | ±10 | ±20 | 60 | 13/6/2015 |
Europa | Turchia | - | Bogazici University, Istanbul (1 di 2)[45] | 3 x 3 | 10 | 1 | ±120 | n/a | n/a | ±650 | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 3/3/2008 |
Europa | Turchia | - | Bogazici University, Istanbul (2 di 2)[45] | 0.7 x 0.7 | 0.1 | 3 | ±120 | ±120 | ±120 | ±1200 | ±1200 | ±1200 | ±100 | ±100 | ±100 | 40 | 3/3/2008 |
Europa | Turchia | - | Middle East Technical University, Ankara[46] | 2 x 1 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Europa | UK | - | University of Bristol (EERC)[47] | 3 x 3 | 17 | 6 | ±150 | ±150 | ±150 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±60 | ±60 | ±60 | 100 | 29/2/2008 |
Nord America | Canada | Ontario | Royal Military College of Canada,[48] Kingston | 2.7 x 2.7 | 5 | 1 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Nord America | Canada | British Columbia | University of British Columbia (EERF Lab), Vancouver | 4 x 4 | 30 | 6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Nord America | Canada | Québec | University of Sherbrooke | ? x ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Nord America | Messico | Mexico D.F. | Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Città del Messico[49] | 4 x 4 | 20 | 5 | ±150 | ±150 | ±75 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±450 | ±10 | ±10 | ±10 | 60 | 10/9/2008 |
Nord America | USA | Colorado | ANCO Engineers, Inc Boulder, Colorado[50] | 3 x 3 | 10 | 3 | ±200 | ±200 | ±200 | ±2000 | ±2000 | ±2000 | ±30 | ±30 | ±30 | 40 | 16/10/2012 |
Nord America | USA | Alabama | NASA | 3 x 4.5 | 1 | 6 | ±2440 | ? | ? | ±100 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
North America | USA | Ohio | NASA Mechanical Vibration Facility (MVF), Glenn's Space Power Facility[51], Sandusky | 6.7 diametro | 34 | 6 | ±15 | ±15 | ? | ±338 | ±338 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 150 | 23/6/2015 |
Nord America | USA | Alabama | Wyle Laboratories (1 di 3)[52] | 6.1 x 5.5 | 27 | 2 | ±152 | ? | ? | ±890 | ? | ? | ±60 | ? | ? | 100 | 16/10/2012 |
Nord America | USA | Alabama | Wyle Laboratories (2 of 3)[52] | 2.7 x 2.7 | 4.5 | 3 | ±250 | ±250 | ±250 | ±1120 | ±1120 | ±1120 | ±45 | ±45 | ±45 | 100 | 16/10/2012 |
Nord America | USA | Alabama | Wyle Laboratories (3 of 3)[52] | 2.4 x 2.4 | 4.5 | 2 | ±305 | n/a | ±228 | ±1168 | n/a | ±838 | ±70 | n/a | ±80 | 70 | 16/10/2012 |
Nord America | USA | North Carolina | Duke University[53] | 1.2 x 1.2 | 5 | 1 | ±75 | n/a | n/a | ±500 | n/a | n/a | ±50 | n/a | n/a | 60 | 15/4/2008 |
Nord America | USA | California | University of California at Berkeley[54] | 6.1 x 6.1 | 45 | 6 | ±127 | ±127 | ±51 | ±762 | ±762 | ±254 | ±15 | ±15 | ±20 | 20 | 30/4/2008 |
Nord America | USA | California | California State University, Fresno[55] | 2.4 x 2.0 | ? | 1 | ±125 | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ? | 19/11/2009 |
Nord America | USA | California | University of California at San Diego[56] | 12.2 x 7.6 | 2000 | 1 | ±750 | n/a | n/a | ±1800 | n/a | n/a | ±10 | n/a | n/a | 20 | 7/7/2008 |
Nord America | USA | Connecticut | University of Connecticut[57] | 1.5 x 1.5 | 1 | 1 | ±150 | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 8/5/2008 |
Nord America | USA | Illinois | University of Illinois at Urbana / Champaign | 3.7 x 3.7 | 5 | 1 | ±50 | ? | ? | ±381 | ? | ? | ±30 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Nord America | USA | New York | University at Buffalo (State University of New York) (2 tavole identiche di 3)[58] | 3.6 x 3.6 | 50 | 6 | ±150 | ±150 | ±75 | ±1250 | ±1250 | ±500 | ±12 | ±12 | ±12 | 100 | 12/3/2008 |
Nord America | USA | New York | University at Buffalo (State University of New York) (3 di 3)[58] | 3.7 x 3.7 | 50 | 5 | ±150 | n/a | ±75 | ±762 | n/a | ±500 | ±12 | n/a | ±23 | 50 | 12/3/2008 |
Nord America | USA | New York | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute[59] | 1.7 x 2.6 | 5 | 1 | ±130 | n/a | n/a | ±270 | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 8/5/2008 |
Nord America | USA | Nevada | University of Nevada at Reno (3 tavole identiche)[60] | 4.3 x 4.5 | 45 | 2 | ±300 | ±300 | n/a | ±1270 | ±1270 | n/a | ±20 | ±20 | n/a | 50 | 8/2/2010 |
Nord America | USA | Nevada | University of Nevada at Reno[61] | 2.75 x 2.75 | 50 | 6 | ±75 | ±300 | ±100 | ? | ? | ? | ±20 | ±40 | ±10 | 50 | 13/3/2008 |
Nord America | USA | Nevada | Dynamic Certification Laboratories[62] | 2.0 diametro | 4.5 | 6 | ±140 | ±120 | ±150 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±1200 | ±98 | ±98 | ±108 | 100 | 17/7/2012 |
Nord America | USA | Texas | Rice University[63] | 0.465m² | 7 | 1 | ±75 | n/a | n/a | ±1400 | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 8/5/2008 |
Nord America | USA | Illinois | Civil Engineering Research Lab U.S. Army, Champaign | 3.6 x 3.6 | 45 | 3 | ±300 | ? | ? | ±1300 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 250 | ? |
Nord America | USA | Virginia | The George Washington University - Virginia Campus[64] | 3 x 3 | ? | 6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Oceania | Australia | Victoria | University of Melbourne | 2 x 2 | 3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Oceania | Australia | New South Wales | University of Technology, Sydney | 3 x 3 | 10 | 1 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 50 | 15/12/2009 |
Note: Questa lista e limitata alle tavole vibranti di dimensioni maggiori di 2m x 2m o con capacità superiore a 4 t (tavole adatte per test sismici).
Note
- ^ Robert Reitherman, Earthquakes and Engineers: An International History, Reston, VA, ASCE Press, 2012, pp. 126–127, ISBN 978-0-7844-1071-4 (archiviato dall'url originale il 26 luglio 2012).
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- ^ NASA - NPP Runs the Gauntlet of Environmental Testing
- ^ [1] Retrieved 17/6/2015
- ^ http://www.nea.fr/html/nsd/docs/2004/csni-r2004-10.pdf (PDF), su nea.fr. URL consultato il 17 giugno 2015.
- ^ Directory of International Earthquake Engineering Research Facilities | Center for Science, Technology & Economic Development, su csted.sri.com. URL consultato il 17 giugno 2015 (archiviato dall'url originale il 21 dicembre 2013).
- ^ Chowdhury AH (1983). Shaking table testing facilities around the world. Proceedings of the 4th Engineering Mechanics Division Specialty Conference: Recent Advances in Engineering Mechanics and their Impact on Civil Engineering Practice., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. Vol. 1, pp. 617-620.
- ^ Duarte RT (1994). Report of the EAEE Working Group 11: Development of shaking table testing techniques. Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vienna, Austria. Vol. 4, pp. 3135-3144.
- ^ Kamimura K, Nakashima M (1983). Seismic test facilities for building structures in Japan. Proceedings of the 4th Engineering Mechanics Division Specialty Conference: Recent Advances in Engineering Mechanics and their Impact on Civil Engineering Practice., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. Vol. 1, pp. 638-641.
- ^ EERI (1995). Assessment of earthquake engineering research and testing capabilities in the United States. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Committee on Experimental Research, Oakland, CA. Publication No. WP-01, pp. 1-23.
- ^ Presentation on Current activities in Algeria Archiviato l'8 marzo 2012 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 30/6/2010
- ^ Press release about Hydraform Donating Earthquake Shake Table to Wits University Archiviato il 24 agosto 2009 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 22/10/2009
- ^ China Academy of Building Research - Major Laboratories Archiviato il 14 marzo 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 10/7/2008
- ^ a b c Shaking table blog Retrieved 10/7/2008
- ^ Earthquake Engineering Research Test Center[collegamento interrotto] Retrieved 10/7/2008
- ^ Centre for urban hazards mitigation Retrieved 24/7/2008
- ^ http://jmi.ac.in/upload/advertisement/quotation_ci_2012december10.pdf
- ^ IIT Guwahati, Department of Civil Engineering,Assam[collegamento interrotto]
- ^ a b c d Earthquake Resistant design practice and research in India, The Structural Engineer, 18 March 2008
- ^ Development of a digitally-controlled three-axis earthquake shake table, Karnataka Retrieved on 10/7/2008
- ^ SERC Chennai Advanced Seismic Testing and Research Laboratory Archiviato il 23 febbraio 2012 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 22/10/09
- ^ IIT Roorkee, Department of Earthquake Engineering, su iitr.ernet.in. URL consultato il 17 giugno 2015 (archiviato dall'url originale il 17 giugno 2015).
- ^ IIT Kanpur, Department of Civil Engineering
- ^ School of Disaster Mitigation Engineering (SDME) Archiviato il 22 agosto 2009 in Internet Archive.
- ^ CRIEPI Hybrid Seismic Testing System Shaking table Archiviato il 22 maggio 2007 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 12/3/2008
- ^ The NIED ‘E-Defence’ Laboratory in Miki City Retrieved on 3/3/2008
- ^ Kajima’s English Website Archiviato il 15 gennaio 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 3/3/2008
- ^ MTS website Archiviato il 13 novembre 2006 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 3/3/2008
- ^ Public Works Research Institute large 3D shaking table[collegamento interrotto] Retrieved on 10/5/2008
- ^ See p 14 of document - Hyundai Institute of Construction Technology Development[collegamento interrotto] Retrieved on 10/1/2009
- ^ a b c KOCED Multi platform seismic simulation facility Archiviato il 23 luglio 2011 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 1/12/2010
- ^ NWFP UET Earthquake Research and Education Centre Archiviato il 22 marzo 2010 in Internet Archive.
- ^ NCREE's English Website Archiviato il 15 aprile 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 29/2/2008
- ^ a b c Seismic Mechanic Studies Laboratory Retrieved 27/11/2011
- ^ [2] Retrieved on 13/6/2015
- ^ NTUA Laboratory for Earthquake Engineering Archiviato il 17 luglio 2007 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 12/3/2008
- ^ [3] Archiviato l'8 maggio 2006 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 13/6/2015
- ^ [4] Retrieved 29/11/2013
- ^ a b ENEA DySCo virtual lab facilities Retrieved 05/05/2015
- ^ a b c d Copia archiviata, su eucentre.it. URL consultato il 18 giugno 2015 (archiviato dall'url originale il 17 giugno 2015). Retrieved 13/6/2015
- ^ a b Nicoletta Esposito, LEDA Laboratory. URL consultato il 21 febbraio 2018 (archiviato dall'url originale il 5 marzo 2018).
- ^ a b Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, IZIIS Retrieved on 20/09/2011
- ^ CEDEX Structures laboratory Archiviato il 21 dicembre 2009 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 23/11/2009
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- ^ a b Bogazici University Shaking Table Laboratory[collegamento interrotto] Retrieved on 3/3/2008
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- ^ Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM, Mesa Vibradora Laboratorios Archiviato il 1º giugno 2009 in Internet Archive.
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- ^ a b c Wyle Laboratories shaking tables Archiviato il 9 febbraio 2013 in Archive.is. Retrieved on 16/10/2012
- ^ Duke University Structural Dynamics and the Seismic Response Control Laboratory Archiviato il 14 ottobre 2012 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 15/4/2008
- ^ University of California, Berkeley, Earthquake Simulator Laboratory Archiviato il 23 marzo 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 30/4/2008
- ^ Department of Civil Engineering Archiviato il 27 maggio 2010 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 19/11/2009
- ^ UCSD Large High Performance Outdoor Shake Table Archiviato il 22 ottobre 2010 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 12/3/2008
- ^ University of Connecticut Advanced Hazards Mitigation Lab Archiviato il 21 giugno 2015 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 8/5/2008
- ^ a b University at Buffalo’s Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory (SEESL) Archiviato il 17 maggio 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved on 13/3/2008
- ^ Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Structural Engineering Laboratories Archiviato il 29 luglio 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 8/5/2008
- ^ NEES Equipment Site at the University of Nevada, Reno Archiviato il 5 luglio 2008 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 12/3/2008
- ^ NEES Equipment Site at the University of Nevada, Reno Archiviato il 20 luglio 2011 in Internet Archive. Retrieved 8/2/2010
- ^ Dynamic Certification Laboratories Retrieved 17/7/2012
- ^ Rice University, Dynamic Systems Laboratory Retrieved 8/5/2008
- ^ Copia archiviata, su seasva.gwu.edu. URL consultato il 13 agosto 2013 (archiviato dall'url originale il 13 giugno 2010). Retrieved 8/13/2013
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