Mnet Asian Music Awards |
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Penghargaan terkini: Mnet Asian Music Awards 2020 |
![](//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Mnet_Asian_Music_Awards_Logo.svg/220px-Mnet_Asian_Music_Awards_Logo.svg.png) |
Deskripsi | Penghargaan untuk pencapaian tertinggi dalam industri musik |
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Negara | Korea Selatan |
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Dipersembahkan oleh | CJ E&M Pictures (Mnet) |
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Diberikan perdana | 27 November 1999 |
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Situs web | Mnet Asian Music Awards |
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Siaran televisi/radio |
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Saluran | Mnet dan jaringan internasional lainnya |
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Mnet Asian Music Awards (disingkat MAMA) adalah acara penghargaan musik di Korea Selatan yang disiarkan Mnet setiap tahun, yang melibatkan partisipasi dari beberapa aktor dan penyanyi yang paling terkenal. Sebagai salah satu peristiwa yang paling penting bagi industri musik Korea, acara ini telah dihadiri oleh grup dan band-band terkenal seperti TVXQ, SeeYa, Super Junior, Jam, Big Bang, Girls' Generation, T-ara, 2NE1, Wonder Girls, 2PM, CSJH The Grace, Miss A, Busker Busker dan seniman lain yang aktif di Korea.
Penyiaran
Acara ini disiarkan secara langsung di tiga belas negara di wilayah Asia. Di Korea Selatan dan Jepang, acara ini disiarkan oleh Mnet. Saluran televisi lain yang menyiarkan acara ini diantaranya Fox Life, tvN Asia, Channel V, Music On! TV (Jepang), 8TV (Malaysia), MediaCorp Channel U (Singapura), Indosiar (Indonesia), Myx (Filipina), MY TV (Kamboja), Mnet America (Amerika Serikat), NRK (Norwegia) dan SBS (Australia). Acara ini juga disiarkan secara daring melalui situs web Mnet di Korea Selatan, Sohu di China, YouTube Live dan Allkpop di seluruh dunia.[1]
Lokasi penyelenggaraan
Tahun | Tanggal | Kota | Lokasi Acara | Pembawa Acara | Ref |
Mnet KM Music Festival (MKMF) |
1999 | Sabtu, 27 November | Seoul, Korea Selatan | Little Angels Arts Center | Choi Hal Li | [2] |
2000 | Jumat, 24 November | Cha Tae-hyun dan Kim Hyun-joo |
2001 | Jumat, 23 November | Cha Tae-hyun dan Song Hye-kyo |
2002 | Kamis, 29 November | Shin Dong-yup dan Kim Jung-eun |
2003 | Kamis, 27 November | Universitas Kyung Hee | Cha Tae-hyun dan Sung Yu-ri |
2004 | Sabtu, 4 Desember | Shin Dong-yup dan Kim Jung-eun |
2005 | Minggu, 27 November | Arena Senam Olimpiade | Shin Dong-yup dan Kim Ah-joong |
2006 | Sabtu, 25 November | Shin Dong-yup dan Kim Ok-bin |
2007 | Sabtu, 17 November | Stadion Olimpiade Seoul | Shin Dong-yup dan Lee Da-hae |
2008 | Minggu, 15 Noveber | Rain |
Mnet Asian Music Awards (MAMA) |
2009 | Sabtu, 21 November | Seoul, Korea Selatan | Stadion Olimpiade Seoul | Tiger JK | [3] |
2010 | Minggu, 28 November | Macau, China | CotaiArena, The Venetian Macao | Tidak ada | [4] |
2011 | Selasa, 29 November | Singapore, Singapura | Singapore Indoor Stadium | Lee Byung-hun | [5] |
2012 | Jumat, 30 November | Hong Kong, China | Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre | Song Joong-ki | [6] |
2013 | Jumat, 22 November | AsiaWorld–Arena | Lee Seung-gi | [7] |
2014 | Rabu, 3 Desember | Song Seung-heon | |
2015 | Rabu, 2 Desember | Psy | [8] |
2016 | Jumat, 2 Desember | Lee Byung-hun | |
2017 | Sabtu, 25 November | Ho Chi Minh City | Hoa Binh Theatre | Thu Minh | |
Rabu, 29 November | Yokohama | Yokohama Arena | Park Bo-gum | |
Kamis, 30 November | Hong Kong | W Hong Kong | none | |
Jumat, 1 Desember | AsiaWorld–Arena | Song Joong-ki | |
2018 | Senin, 10 Desember | Seoul | Dongdaemun Design Plaza | Jung Hae-in | |
Rabu, 12 Desember | Saitama | Saitama Super Arena | Park Bo-gum | |
Jumat, 14 Desember | Hong Kong | AsiaWorld-Arena | Song Joong-ki | |
2019 | Rabu, 4 Desember | Jepang | Nagoya Dome | Park Bo-gum | |
2020 | Minggu, 6 Desember | Korea Selatan | CJ E&M Content World (Acara daring, diselenggarakan di berbagai tempat) | Song Joong-ki | |
Kriteria Penilaian
Daesang
Kategori | Penjualan Digital | Penjualan Album | Voting | Penilaian Juri |
Artist Of The Year | 20% | 20% | 30% | 30% |
Song Of The Year | 30% | 10% | 20% | 40% |
Album Of The Year | - | 60% | - | 40% |
Penghargaan utama (Daesang)
Album of the Year
Song of the Year
Artist of the Year
Worldwide Icon Of The Year
Tahun | Artis |
2018 | BTS |
2019 | BTS |
2020 | BTS |
2021 | BTS |
Penghargaan Artis
Best Solo Artist
Best New Solo Artist
Best Group
Best New Group
Best International Artist
Best Asian Artist Award
Best New Asian Artist
Penghargaan Kategori
Best Dance Perfomance
Best Band Perfomance
Tahun | Pemenang | Lagu |
Best Rock Performance |
1999 | Jaurim | "낙화" |
2000 | Seo Taiji | "Ultramania" |
2001 | Jaurim | "Goodbye Grief" (파애) |
2002 | YB | "Love Two" |
2003 | Cherry Filter | "Flying Duck" |
2004 | Seo Taiji | "Live Wire" |
2005 | Buzz | "Coward" |
2006 | "You Don't Know Man" |
2007 | Cherry Filter | "Feel It" |
2008 | Nell | "Time To Walk Memories" |
2009 | Boohwal | "Thought" |
Best Band Performance |
2010 | Hot Potato | "Confession" |
2011 | CNBLUE | "Intuition" |
2012 | Busker Busker | "Cherry Blossom Ending" |
2013 | "Love, At First" |
2014 | CNBLUE | "Can't Stop" |
2015 | "Cinderella" |
2016 | "You're So Fine" |
2017 | Hyukoh | "TOMBOY" |
2018 | "Love Ya!" |
2019 | Jannabi | "Love For Who Hesitate" |
2020 | Day6 | "Zombie: |
2021 | Jannabi | "A Tought On An Autumn Night" |
Best Rap Perfomance
Tahun[I] | Pemenang | Lagu |
Best Hip Hop Performance |
1999 | Honey Family | "Man's Story – My Way" |
2000 | DJ DOC | "D.O.C Blues" |
2001 | Drunken Tiger | "Good Life" |
2002 | Leessang | "Rush" (ft. Jung-in) |
2003 | Kim Jin-pyo | "With a Dogged Spirit" |
2004 | Cho PD | "Friend" (ft. In Sooni) |
2005 | Epik High | "Fly" (ft. Amin. J) |
2006 | MC Mong | "Ice Cream" |
2007 | Epik High | "Fan" |
2008 | Epik High | "One" (ft. Ji Sun) |
2009 | Leessang | "Can't Breakup Girl, Can't Breakaway Boy" (ft. Jung-in) |
Best Rap Performance |
2010 | DJ DOC | "I'm This Kind of Person" |
2011 | Leessang | "Turned Off the TV" (ft. Yoon Mi-rae, Kwon Jung Yeol) |
2012 | Epik High | "UP" (ft. Park Bom) |
2013 | Dynamic Duo | "BAAAM" (ft. Muzie of UV) |
2014 | Epik High | "Happen Ending" |
2015 | San E | "Me You" |
2016 | vC Jamm & BewhY | "Puzzle" |
Best HipHop & Urban Music |
2017 | Heize | "Don't Know You" |
2018 | Zico | "Soulmate (ft. IU)" |
2019 | Heize | "She Is Fine" |
2020 | Zico | "Any Song" |
2021 | Ash Island | "Melody" |
Best Vocal Perfomance
Best Ost
Tahun[I] | Pemenang | Lagu |
2004 | Jo Sungmo | "By Your Side" |
2005 | Clazziquai | "She Is" |
2006 | SeeYa | "Crazy Love Song" |
2008 | Kim Jong-wook & SG Wannabe | "Fate Reserve" |
2009 | SS501 | "Beacause I'm Stupid: |
2011 | Baek Ji-young | "That Woman" |
2012 | Seo In-guk & Jung Eun-ji | "All For You" |
2013 | Yoon Mi-rae | "Touch Love" |
2014 | Lyn | "My Destiny" |
2016 | Lee Juck | "Dont Worry" |
2017 | Ailee | "I Will Go To You Like The First Snow" |
2018 | Seventeen | "A Teen" |
2019 | Gummy | "Remember Me" |
2020 | Gaho | "Start" |
2021 | Cho Jung-seok | "I Like You" |
Best Collaboration
Best Music Video
Tahun | Pemenang | Lagu |
2006 | Psy | "Entertainer" |
2007 | Younha | "Password 486" |
2008 | Wonder Girls | "Nobody" |
2009 | 2NE1 | "Fire" |
2010 | "Cant No Body" |
2011 | Bigbang | "Love Song" |
2012 | Psy | "Gangnam Style" |
2013 | G-Dragon | "Coup D'Etat" |
2014 | 2PM | "Go Crazy" |
2015 | Bigbang | "Bae Bae" |
2016 | Blackpink | "Whistle" |
2017 | BTS | "Spring Day" |
2018 | "Idol" |
2019 | "Boy with Luv" |
2020 | "Dynamite" |
2021 | "Butter" |
Penghargaan Popularitas
Penghargaan khusus
Penghargaan Lain 1
Tahun[I] | Kategori | Pemenang |
2005 | Filming Award | Park Sung-il |
Editing Award | Song Geol |
Special Effects Award | FX NINE |
Planning Award | Samsung Anycall |
2006 | Composition Award | Jo Young Su (조영수) |
Lyrics Award | Yŏng-min An (안영민) |
Arrangement Award | Ryu Jae Hyun (류재현) |
2008 | Composer Award | Kim Jong-wan (Nell) |
Lyricist Award | Kim Dong-ryul |
Arrangement Award | Tablo |
2009 | Best Asian Songwriter Award | Park Jin-young |
Lyricist Award | Park Seon-ju |
Composer Award | Teddy |
Arrangement Award | Shinsadong Tiger |
2010 | Choreographer Award | Kim Hwa-young |
Producer Award | Psy |
2015 | Best Producer | |
Best Engineer | Ko, Hyun-jong Lupo Groinig Yoshinori Nakayama |
Best Live Entertainment | In Jae-jin Wu Qun Da Vit Suthitnavil |
2016 | Best Producer | Black Eyed Pilseung |
Best Visual & Art Director | Min Hee Jin |
Best Choreographer | J.Da Apissara Phetruengrong |
Best Promoter | Masahiro Hikada |
Best Executive Producer | Bang Si Hyuk |
Best International Producer | Timbaland |
Best Engineer | Tanaka Hironobu |
2017 | Best Producer of the Year | Pdogg |
Best Visual & Art Director of the Year | Yang |
Best Choreographer of the Year | Youngjun Choi |
Best Video Director of the Year | Atsushi Makino |
Best Engineer of the Year | Dat Nguyen Minh |
Best Executive of the Year | George Trivino |
Best Composer of the Year | Raisa Andriana & Isyana Sarasvati |
2018 | Best Engineer of the Year | LalellmaNino & Java Finger |
Best Composer of the Year | Deanfluenza (Dean) |
Best Producer of the Year | Pdogg |
Best Choreographer of the Year | Son Sung-deuk (BTS) |
Best Art Director of the Year | MU:E (BTS) |
Best Video Director of the Year | Lo Ging-zim (aMEi) |
Best Executive Producer of the Year | Bang Si Hyuk |
2019 |
Best Composer Of The Year | Pddog (BTS) |
Best Video Director Of The Year | Lumpens (BTS) |
Best Producer Of The Year | Starr Chen, Howe Chen & RAZOR | |
Best Engineer of the Year | Kwon Nam Woo |
Best Art Director of the Year | Yuni Yoshida |
Best Choreographer of the Year | Kiel Tutin |
2020 | Best Executive Producer of the Year | Bang Si Hyuk |
Best Producer of the Year | Pdogg |
Best Composer of the Year | Yovie Widianto |
Best Engineer of the Year | Goo Jong Pil, Kwon Nam Woo |
Best Video Director of the Year | Lumpens |
Best Choreographer of the Year | Quang Dang |
Best Art Director of the Year | MU:E |
2021 | Choreographer of the Year | Leejung Lee |
Best Engineer of the Year | Gu Jong Pil, Kwon Nam Woo |
Best Video Director of the Year | Lumpens |
Best Art Director of the Year | MU:E |
Best Composer of the Year | Yoo Young Jin |
Best Producer of the Year | Teddy |
Best Executive Producer of the Year | Bang Si Hyuk |
Tahun[I] | Kategori | Pemenang |
2005 | Best Video Performer Award | Psy |
2010 | Performance Award | Jisan Valley Rock Festival |
2012 | Guardian Angel Worldwide Performer | Big Bang |
2013 | Sony MDR World Wide Performer | Infinite |
Best Concert Performer | Lee Seung-chul |
2015 | World Performer | BTS |
2016 | World Performer | Seventeen |
2017 | Best Concert Performer | Monsta X |
World Performer | Got7 |
2019 | Monsta X |
2020 | Favorite Dance Perfomance Group | TXT |
Best Stage | Monsta X |
Global Favorite Perfomance | Seventeen |
Style in Music
Discovery of the Year
Tahun[I] | Pemenang |
2008 | Galaxy Express |
2010 | 10 cm |
2013 | Baechigi |
2017 | Nuest W |
2018 | Momoland |
2020 | Ateez |
Best of Next
Penghargaan Lain 2
Tahun[I] | Kategori | Pemenang |
1999 | 기획상 | 대한민국/전 리안 - 이채형 |
2001 | Achievement Award | Clon |
2002 | Music Video Pioneer Award | Lee Seung-hwan |
2004 | Blue Award | Moon Hee-joon - "Paper Airplane" |
2007 | MKMF Tribute Award | Insooni |
2008 | 10th Year Anniversary Remember Award | H.O.T |
Music Portal Mnet Award | Big Bang |
2009 | Hall of Fame Award | Shim Soo-bong |
Music Portal Mnet Award | 2NE1 |
2010 | Adult Music Award | Tae Jin-ah |
Stylist Award | Yang Seung-ho |
2012 | TVB Choice Award | Joey Yung |
Best LINE Award | Super Junior |
2013 | Red Carpet Special Prize | Lee Jung-hyun |
Music Makes One Global Ambassador Award | Stevie Wonder |
2014 | Favorite Music in China | Chopstick Brothers - "Little Apple" |
The Most Popular Vocalist | IU |
2015 | Worldwide Inspiration Award | Pet Shop Boys |
iQiYi - Worldwide Favourite Artist | Big Bang |
2016 | Inspired Achievement | Quincy Jones |
iQiYi - Worldwide Favourite Artist | GOT7 |
2017 | Inspired Achievement | Yasushi Akimoto |
Worldwide Favorite Artist | Seventeen |
2018 | Inspiration Award | Janet Jackson |
'DDP' Best Trend | Wanna One |
'Tik Tok' Most Popular Artist | GOT7 |
2019 | Qoo10 Favorite Male Artist | BTS |
Qoo10 Favorite Female Artist | Twice |
2020 | Notable Achievement Artist | Seventeen |
Favorite Male Group | NCT |
Favorite Female Group | IZ*ONE |
Inspired Achievement | Boa |
Most Popular Artist | Twice |
2021 | KTO (Korean Tourism Organization) Breakout Artist | Brave Girls |
Favorite Tiktok Moment | BTS |
Penghargaan yang tidak diberikan lagi
Music Video of the Year (Daesang)
Tahun | Artis | Lagu |
1999 | Lee Seung-hwan | "A Request" |
2000 | Jo Sungmo | "Do You Know" |
2001 | Wax | "Fix My Makeup" |
2002 | Jo PD | "My Style" |
2003 | Big Mama | "Break Away" |
2004 | BoA | "My Name" |
2005 | Drunken Tiger | "All Marginalized, Left Foot Forward Hanbo!" |
Best Popular Music Video (Daesang)
Tahun | Artis | Lagu |
1999 | H.O.T. | "I Yah!" |
2000 | "Outside Castle" |
2001 | g.o.d. | "Lie" |
2002 | BoA | "No. 1" |
2003 | Lee Hyori | "10 Minutes" |
2004 | Rain | "It's Raining" |
2005 | TVXQ | "Rising Sun" |
Most Popular Music Video
Year[I] | Pemenang | Music video |
1999 | H.O.T. | "I Yah!" |
2000 | "Outside Castle" |
2001 | g.o.d | "Lie" |
2002 | BoA | "No. 1" |
2003 | Lee Hyori | "10 Minutes" |
2004 | Rain | "It's Raining" |
2005 | TVXQ | "Rising Sun" |
Music Video Acting
Tahun[I] | Pemenang | Music video |
2005 | Ryoo Seung-bum | "I'm Not Laughing" by Leessang |
2006 | Lee Joon-gi (Male category) | "Grace" by Lee Soo-young |
Kim Ji-soo (Female category) | "That Man That Woman" by Vibe |
2007 | Jung Il-woo and Baek Sung-hyun | "오죽했으면" by Goodbye Sadness 구정현 |
Music Video Director
Tahun[I] | Pemenang | Music video - Penyanyi |
1999 | Hong Jong-ho | "I Yah!" - H.O.T. |
2000 | Gim Sehun (김세훈) | |
2001 | Cha Eun-taek (차은택) | "Already One Year" - Brown Eyes |
2002 | Cha Eun-taek | "If We Can Part Even Though We Love" - Shin Seung-hun |
2003 | Jang Jae-hyuk (장재혁) | "My Silent Conflict" (Moon Hee-joon) and "Flower" (꽃) (Lee Seung-hwan) |
2004 | Cha Eun-taek (차은택) | "Timeless" (SG Wannabe), "Because You're My Woman" (Lee Seung-gi), "When That Day Comes" (Shin Seung-hun) |
2005 | Seo Hyun-seung | "Goodbye Luv", "Wipe My Tears and Put On Makeup", etc. |
2006 | Cha Eun-taek (차은택) | "Entertainer" (Psy), etal. |
Best Mixed Group
Tahun[I] | Pemenang | Lagu |
2000 | S#arp | "Great!" |
2001 | Koyote | "Paran" |
2002 | The Jadu | "We Need to Talk" |
2003 | Koyote | "Emergency" |
2004 | Koyote[Note 1] | "Disco King" |
2005 | Koyote | "1, 2, 3, 4" |
2007 | Clazziquai | "Lover Boy" |
2009 | 8Eight | "Without a Heart" |
Best R&B/Ballad Perfomance
Tahun[I] | Pemenang | Lagu |
1999 | Jo Sungmo | "For Your Soul" |
2000 | Jo Sungmo | "Do You Know" |
Jinju | "Are You Going" |
2001 | Kim Gun-mo | "I'm Sorry" |
Park Jin-young | "I Have a Girlfriend" |
2002 | Lee Soo-young | "Lalala" |
Lena Park | "In Dreams" |
2003 | Jo Sungmo | "Piano" |
Fly To The Sky | "Missing You" |
2004 | Shin Seung-hun[Note 2] | "When That Day Comes" |
Wheesung[Note 3] | "Incurable Illness" |
2005 | Shin Hye-sung | "Same Thought" |
Wheesung | "Goodbye Luv" |
2006 | Lee Seung-gi | "Hard to Say" |
Fly To The Sky | "Like a Man" |
2007 | Yangpa | "Love... What Is It" |
SG Wannabe[Note 4] | "Arirang" |
2008 | Brown Eyes[Note 5] | "Don't Go Don't Go" |
2009 | Kim Tae-woo[Note 5] | "Love Rain" |
Best Indie Perfomance
Tahun[I] | Pemenang | Lagu |
1999 | No Brain | "Youth 88" |
2000 | Crying Nut | "Circus Magic" |
"Deep In The Night" |
2001 | Trans Fixion | "Comeback To Me" |
Best House & Electronic
Tahun[I] | Pemenang | Lagu |
2007 | Clazziqual | "Lover Boy" |
2008 | Jewelry | "One More Time" |
2009 | Brown Eyed Girls | "Abracadabra" |
Best Trot
Best Digital Single
Best Collaboration
Mnet PD's Choice/Judges' Choice
Tahun[I] | Pemenang | Lagu |
Judges' Choice Awards |
2000 | Tae Jin-ah | "Love Is Not For Someone" |
2001 | No Brain[12] | "Go To The Beach" |
2002 | Shin Seung-hun[12] | "If We Can Part Even Though We Love" |
2003 | Jo PD[12] | "Secret Diary" |
2004 | Kim Yoon-ah | "Nocturne" |
2005 | Jo PD | "My Old Story" |
2008 | SG Wannabe[13] | |
Mnet PD's Choice Awards |
2004 | Deux | - |
2005 | S.E.S |
2006 | TVXQ[14] |
2007 | F.T. Island[14] |
2008 | Shin Seung-hun |
2011 | YB[15] |
2012 | B.A.P |
Best Unit
Genre-Specific
Penghargaan global
Tahun[I] | Pemenang | Lagu |
Best Global Group |
2012 | Super Junior[16] | "Sexy, Free & Single" |
Kara[16] | "Pandora" |
Next Generation Global Star |
2013 | Apink | "NoNoNo" |
Catatan
- ^ Titled "Best Collaboration and Unit".
Referensi
- ^ "International Live Broadcasting Time Notice". 2010 Mnet Asian Music Awards. Mnet Media Corp. November 12, 2010. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-09. Diakses tanggal February 26, 2011.
- ^ "MAMA History". 2010 Mnet Asian Music Awards. Mnet Media Group. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-10-09. Diakses tanggal February 11, 2011.
- ^ Ji-Eun, Choi (25 November 2009). "2009 MAMA: Mama, where is my other half?". Asiae. Diakses tanggal 26 April 2012.
- ^ Wee, Geun-woo (November 29, 2010). "2010 Mnet Asia Music Awards (MAMA): Live in Macao". 10Asia. 10Asia. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2010-12-05. Diakses tanggal February 26, 2011.
- ^ Oh, MiJung "Mnet Asian Music Awards Heads to Singapore" Mnet News. 2 November 2011. Retrieved 2012-04-01
- ^ "′2012 MAMA′ to Take Place in Hong Kong on November 30". Mwave. 15 October 2012. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-11-02. Diakses tanggal 2 August 2013.
- ^ "′The '2013 MAMA' to be held in Hong Kong for the 2nd consecutive year". Allkpop. 17 September 2012. Diakses tanggal 17 September 2013.
- ^ "2015 'MAMA' Reported to Take Place in Hong Kong Four Years Running". Soompi. 24 Juli 2015. Diakses tanggal 7 Desember 2016.
- ^ Titled "Best Asian Style".
- ^ Titled "Best Asian Style in Japan".
- ^ Titled "Best Asian Style in Hong Kong".
- ^ a b c Titled "Special Jury Prize".
- ^ Titled "Hallyu Singers by the Japanese Press".
- ^ a b Titled "Mnet.com Award".
- ^ Titled "Mnet Specialized Award".
- ^ a b Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag
<ref>
tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama autogenerated2
Pranala luar
- Mediopia Technology Corp. → GM Agency Co. Ltd. → CJ Music Inc. → Mnet Media Corp. → CJ E&M Music Performance Division (DBA CJ E&M Music and Live)
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Artis CJ E&M Music | Grup | |
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Penyanyi solo | |
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Mantan penyanyi | |
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Mantan aktor | |
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Anak Perusahaan | |
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Jaringan Distribusi | |
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Jaringan Musik (Mnet) | |
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Perusahaan Induk | |
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Acara Penghargaan Musik Korea Selatan |
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Utama | |
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Musik digital | |
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Former | |
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Kesalahan pengutipan: Ditemukan tag <ref>
untuk kelompok bernama "Note", tapi tidak ditemukan tag <references group="Note"/>
yang berkaitan