Bessie Coleman

Bessie Coleman
Coleman pada 1923
Lahir	(1892-01-26)26 Januari 1892 Atlanta, Texas, Amerika Serikat
Meninggal	30 April 1926(1926-04-30) (umur 34) Jacksonville, Florida, Amerika Serikat
Tempat pemakaman	Lincoln Cemetery, Cook County, Illinois
Kebangsaan	Amerika Serikat
Dikenal atas	Penerbang
Suami/istri	Claude Glenn (1917; berpisah tak lama setelahnya^[1])
Orang tua	George dan Susan Coleman
Penghargaan (2001) National Women's Hall of Fame Women in Aviation International ^(en) National Aviation Hall of Fame ^(en)

Bessie Coleman (26 Januari 1892 – 30 April 1926)^[2] adalah seorang penerbang sipil awal asal Amerika Serikat. Ia adalah wanita Afrika-Amerika dan Amerika Asli pertama yang mendapatkan lisensi pilot.^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] Ia mendapatkan lisensinya dari Fédération Aéronautique Internationale pada 15 Juni 1921,^[4]^[5]^[7] dan menjadi orang kulit hitam pertama yang meraih lisensi pilot internasional.^[8]

Referensi

Kutipan

^ Roni Morales (November 1, 2014). "Bessie Coleman -Aviator". Rootsweb. Diakses tanggal December 17, 2017.
^ "Bessie Coleman | American aviator". Encyclopedia Britannica (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal August 20, 2018.
^ "Bessie Coleman (1892–1926)". PBS.org. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal March 26, 2017. Diakses tanggal March 3, 2010.
^ ^a ^b "Some Notable Women In Aviation History". Women in Aviation International. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 29, 2016. Diakses tanggal April 10, 2008.
^ ^a ^b Onkst, David H. (2016). "Women in History: Bessie Coleman". Natural Resources Conservation Service Nevada. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-02-16. Diakses tanggal January 5, 2016.
^ "Fighter pilot takes inspiration to new heights". U.S. Air Force. U.S. Air Force. March 28, 2018. Diakses tanggal July 14, 2019.
^ "Pioneer Hall of Fame". Women in Aviation International. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal March 27, 2008. Diakses tanggal April 10, 2008.
^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama :0

Karya yang dikutip

Creasman, Kim (1997). "Black Birds in the Sky: The Legacies of Bessie Coleman and Dr. Mae Jemison". The Journal of Negro History (dalam bahasa Inggris). 82 (1): 159–163. doi:10.2307/2717501. ISSN 0022-2992. JSTOR 2717501. Parameter |s2cid= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)

Bacaan tambahan

King, Anita (1976). "Brave Bessie: First Black Pilot". Essence Magazine. Parts 1 & 2 (May, June).
Bilstein, Roger (1985). Aviation in Texas. Austin: Texas Monthly Press. ISBN 9780932012951.
Freydberg, Elizabeth Hadley (1994). Bessie Coleman: The Brownskin Lady Bird. Garland. ISBN 9780815314615.
Fisher, Lillian M. (1995). Brave Bessie: Flying Free. Hencrick-Long. ISBN 9780937460948.
Hart, Philip S. (1996). Up in the Air: The Story of Bessie Coleman. Trailblazer Biographies. First Avenue Editions. ISBN 978-0876149782.
Johnson, Dolores (1997). She Dared to Fly: Bessie Coleman. New York: Benchmark Books. ISBN 978-0761404873.
Plantz, Connie (2001). Bessie Coleman: First Black Woman Pilot. African-American Biographies. Enslow Publishers. ASIN B01K3N5GUM.
Holway, John R. (2012). Bessie Coleman: Pioneering Black Woman Aviator. ISBN 9780985738914.

Pranala luar

Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Bessie Coleman.

Situs web resmi
Spivey, Lynne. "Bessie Coleman". bessiecoleman.com. Atlanta Historical Museum.

Templat:WikiTree

(Inggris) Bessie Coleman di Find a Grave
"Bessie Coleman". Historical Marker Database (HMdb). Texas Historical Commission. 2002. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 27, 2016. 33°6.848′N 94°9.931′W / 33.114133°N 94.165517°W / 33.114133; -94.165517 (Bessie Coleman historical marker)
Video:
- The First Female African American Pilot (January 4, 2012) Smithsonian channel di YouTube
- "Bessie Coleman" (video). Nick Jr. Black History Month. ^{[pranala nonaktif permanen]}
- katacharin (March 20, 2014). "Bessie Coleman – Shero of the skies". Sheroes of History.
  - Sheroes of History – Bessie Coleman (October 10, 2015) di YouTube
Darcey, Belinda (July 2009). "Bessie Coleman: Late Bloomer". Late Bloomer stories. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 23, 2012. Diakses tanggal July 30, 2009. Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)
"Bessie Coleman: Fearless Fly Girl". History in Action (HIA Toys). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal November 6, 2016. Diakses tanggal November 24, 2006. Parameter |url-status= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan)

National Women's Hall of Fame

1970–1979

1973	Jane Addams Marian Anderson Susan B. Anthony Clara Barton Mary McLeod Bethune Elizabeth Blackwell Pearl S. Buck Rachel Carson Mary Cassatt Emily Dickinson Amelia Earhart Alice Hamilton Helen Hayes Helen Keller Eleanor Roosevelt Florence Sabin Margaret Chase Smith Elizabeth Cady Stanton Helen Brooke Taussig Harriet Tubman
1976	Abigail Adams Margaret Mead Mildred "Babe" Didrikson Zaharias
1979	Dorothea Dix Juliette Gordon Low Alice Paul Elizabeth Bayley Seton

1980–1989

1981	Margaret Sanger Sojourner Truth
1982	Carrie Chapman Catt Frances Perkins
1983	Belva Lockwood Lucretia Mott
1984	Mary "Mother" Harris Jones Bessie Smith
1986	Barbara McClintock Lucy Stone Harriet Beecher Stowe
1988	Gwendolyn Brooks Willa Cather Sally Ride Ida B. Wells-Barnett

1990–1999

1990	Margaret Bourke-White Barbara Jordan Billie Jean King Florence B. Seibert
1991	Gertrude Belle Elion
1993	Ethel Percy Andrus Antoinette Blackwell Emily Blackwell Shirley Chisholm Jacqueline Cochran Ruth Colvin Marian Wright Edelman Alice Evans Betty Friedan Ella Grasso Martha Wright Griffiths Fannie Lou Hamer Dorothy Height Dolores Huerta Mary Jacobi Mae Jemison Mary Lyon Mary Mahoney Wilma Mankiller Constance Baker Motley Georgia O'Keeffe Annie Oakley Rosa Parks Esther Peterson Jeannette Rankin Ellen Swallow Richards Elaine Roulet Katherine Siva Saubel Gloria Steinem Helen Stephens Lillian Wald Madam C. J. Walker Faye Wattleton Rosalyn S. Yalow Gloria Yerkovich
1994	Bella Abzug Ella Baker Myra Bradwell Annie Jump Cannon Jane Cunningham Croly Catherine East Geraldine Ferraro Charlotte Perkins Gilman Grace Hopper Helen LaKelly Hunt Zora Neale Hurston Anne Hutchinson Frances Wisebart Jacobs Susette La Flesche Louise McManus Maria Mitchell Antonia Novello Linda Richards Wilma Rudolph Betty Bone Schiess Muriel Siebert Nettie Stevens Oprah Winfrey Sarah Winnemucca Fanny Wright
1995	Virginia Apgar Ann Bancroft Amelia Bloomer Mary Breckinridge Eileen Collins Elizabeth Hanford Dole Anne Dallas Dudley Mary Baker Eddy Ella Fitzgerald Margaret Fuller Matilda Joslyn Gage Lillian Moller Gilbreth Nannerl O. Keohane Maggie Kuhn Sandra Day O'Connor Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin Pat Schroeder Hannah Greenebaum Solomon
1996	Louisa May Alcott Charlotte Anne Bunch Frances Xavier Cabrini Mary A. Hallaren Oveta Culp Hobby Wilhelmina Cole Holladay Anne Morrow Lindbergh Maria Goeppert Mayer Ernestine Louise Potowski Rose Maria Tallchief Edith Wharton
1998	Madeleine Albright Maya Angelou Nellie Bly Lydia Moss Bradley Mary Steichen Calderone Mary Ann Shadd Cary Joan Ganz Cooney Gerty Cori Sarah Grimké Julia Ward Howe Shirley Ann Jackson Shannon Lucid Katharine Dexter McCormick Rozanne L. Ridgway Edith Nourse Rogers Felice Schwartz Eunice Kennedy Shriver Beverly Sills Florence Wald Angelina Grimké Weld Chien-Shiung Wu

2000–2009

2000	Faye Glenn Abdellah Emma Smith DeVoe Marjory Stoneman Douglas Mary Dyer Sylvia A. Earle Crystal Eastman Jeanne Holm Leontine T. Kelly Frances Oldham Kelsey Kate Mullany Janet Reno Anna Howard Shaw Sophia Smith Ida Tarbell Wilma L. Vaught Mary Edwards Walker Annie Dodge Wauneka Eudora Welty Frances E. Willard
2001	Dorothy H. Andersen Lucille Ball Rosalynn Carter Lydia Maria Child Bessie Coleman Dorothy Day Marian de Forest Althea Gibson Beatrice A. Hicks Barbara Holdridge Harriet Williams Russell Strong Emily Howell Warner Victoria Woodhull
2002	Paulina Kellogg Wright Davis Ruth Bader Ginsburg Katharine Graham Bertha Holt Mary Engle Pennington Mercy Otis Warren
2003	Linda G. Alvarado Donna de Varona Gertrude Ederle Martha Matilda Harper Patricia Roberts Harris Stephanie L. Kwolek Dorothea Lange Mildred Robbins Leet Patsy Takemoto Mink Sacagawea Anne Sullivan Sheila E. Widnall
2005	Florence Ellinwood Allen Ruth Fulton Benedict Betty Bumpers Hillary Clinton Rita Rossi Colwell Mother Marianne Cope Maya Y. Lin Patricia A. Locke Blanche Stuart Scott Mary Burnett Talbert
2007	Eleanor K. Baum Julia Child Martha Coffin Pelham Wright Swanee Hunt Winona LaDuke Elisabeth Kübler-Ross Judith L. Pipher Catherine Filene Shouse Henrietta Szold
2009	Louise Bourgeois Mildred Cohn Karen DeCrow Susan Kelly-Dreiss Allie B. Latimer Emma Lazarus Ruth Patrick Rebecca Talbot Perkins Susan Solomon Kate Stoneman

2010–2019

2011	St. Katharine Drexel Dorothy Harrison Eustis Loretta C. Ford Abby Kelley Foster Helen Murray Free Billie Holiday Coretta Scott King Lilly Ledbetter Barbara A. Mikulski Donna E. Shalala Kathrine Switzer
2013	Betty Ford Ina May Gaskin Julie Krone Kate Millett Nancy Pelosi Mary Joseph Rogers Bernice Sandler Anna Schwartz Emma Willard
2015	Tenley Albright Nancy Brinker Martha Graham Marcia Greenberger Barbara Iglewski Jean Kilbourne Carlotta Walls LaNier Philippa Marrack Mary Harriman Rumsey Eleanor Smeal
2017	Matilda Cuomo Temple Grandin Lorraine Hansberry Victoria Jackson Sherry Lansing Clare Boothe Luce Aimee Mullins Carol Mutter Janet Rowley Alice Waters
2019	Gloria Allred Angela Davis Sarah Deer Jane Fonda Nicole Malachowski Rose O'Neill Louise Slaughter Sonia Sotomayor Laurie Spiegel Flossie Wong-Staal

Pengawasan otoritas
Umum	Integrated Authority File (Jerman) ISNI 1 VIAF 1 2 WorldCat
Perpustakaan nasional	Prancis (data) Amerika Serikat
Lain-lain	Faceted Application of Subject Terminology Social Networks and Archival Context 2 SUDOC (Prancis) 1