Egyszerű angol nyelv
![]() | Ez a szócikk a beszélt Basic English nyelvről szól. Hasonló címmel lásd még: Basic programnyelv. |
Egyszerű angol Basic English | |
Kiejtés | [ˈbeɪsɪk ˈɪŋlɪʃ] |
Alkotó | Charles Kay Ogden |
Első kiadás dátuma | 1930 |
Nyelvcsalád | mesterséges nyelv |
Írásrendszer | latin írás |
Forrásai | angol |
Gondozza | Basic-English Institute (weboldala) |
Az egyszerű angol (Basic English) nevű mesterséges nyelvet Charles Kay Ogden alkotta meg és publikálta a Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar c. könyvében 1930-ban.
Ogden azt mondta, hogy hét év kell az angol nyelv megtanulásához, hét hónap az eszperantóhoz és hét hét az egyszerű angolhoz.
Nyelvtan
A következő szabályok és a 850 alapszó alkalmazásával könnyedén kifejezhetjük magunkat ezen a nyelven.
- A többes számot -s jellel képezzük. Az angolhoz hasonlóan itt is érvényesek a következők: susogó hangokra végződő szavak esetén a többes szám jele -es, valamint a szó végi -y -ie-re változik.
- Az -er, -ing és -ed képzőkkel új szavakat alkothatunk.
- Határozókat képezhetünk a melléknevekből a -ly képző segítségével.
- Melléknévfokozás: középfokhoz az -er és a more, felsőfokhoz az -est és a most is használható.
- Az ellentétes fogalmakat az un- előtéttel képezhetjük.
- A kérdéseket fordított szórendben és do kérdőszóval képezzük.
- Az igéket és a névmásokat ugyanúgy ragozzuk, mint az angol nyelvben.
- Összetett szavakat két főnévből (milkman, wordend) vagy főnévből és iránymutatóból (sundown) képezhetünk.
- Mértékegységek, számok, pénzek, hónapok, napok, évek, időpontok és nemzetközi kifejezések használata az angol nyelv alapján történik.
- Tudományos, ipari és gazdasági kifejezések használata megengedett.
Alapszavak
Műveletek (igék, irányok, egyéb nyelvtani szavak) – 100 szó
come, get, give, go, keep, let, make, put, seem, take, be, do, have, say, see, send, may, will
about, across, after, against, among, at, before, between, by, down, from, in, off, on, over, through, to, under, up, with
as, for, of, till, than
a, the, all, any, every, little, much, no, other, some, such, that, this, I, he, you, who
and, because, but, or, if, though, while, how, when, where, why, again, ever, far, forward, here, near, now, out, still, then, there, together, well
almost, enough, even, not, only, quite, so, very, tomorrow, yesterday, north, south, east, west, please, yes
Dolgok – 400 általános szó
account, act, addition, adjustment, advertisement, agreement, air, amount, amusement, animal, answer, apparatus, approval, argument, art, attack, attempt, attention, attraction, authority, back, balance, base, behaviour, belief, birth, bit, bite, blood, blow, body, brass, bread, breath, brother, building, burn, burst, business, butter, canvas, care, cause, chalk, chance, change, cloth, coal, colour, comfort, committee, company, comparison, competition, condition, connection, control, cook, copper, copy, cork, cotton, cough, country, cover, crack, credit, crime, crush, cry, current, curve, damage, danger, daughter, day, death, debt, decision, degree, design, desire, destruction, detail, development, digestion, direction, discovery, discussion, disease, disgust, distance, distribution, division, doubt, drink, driving, dust, earth, edge, education, effect, end, error, event, example, exchange, existence, expansion, experience, expert, fact, fall, family, father, fear, feeling, fiction, field, fight, fire, flame, flight, flower, fold, food, force, form, friend, front, fruit, glass, gold, government, grain, grass, grip, group, growth, guide, harbour, harmony, hate, hearing, heat, help, history, hole, hope, hour, humour, ice, idea, impulse, increase, industry, ink, insect, instrument, insurance, interest, invention, iron, jelly, join, journey, judge, jump, kick, kiss, knowledge, land, language, laugh, law, lead, learning, leather, letter, level, lift, light, limit, linen, liquid, list, look, loss, love, machine, man, manager, mark, market, mass, meal, measure, meat, meeting, memory, metal, middle, milk, mind, mine, minute, mist, money, month, morning, mother, motion, mountain, move, music, name, nation, need, news, night, noise, note, number, observation, offer, oil, operation, opinion, order, organization, ornament, owner, page, pain, paint, paper, part, paste, payment, peace, person, place, plant, play, pleasure, point, poison, polish, porter, position, powder, power, price, print, process, produce, profit, property, prose, protest, pull, punishment, purpose, push, quality, question, rain, range, rate, ray, reaction, reading, reason, record, regret, relation, religion, representative, request, respect, rest, reward, rhythm, rice, river, road, roll, room, rub, rule, run, salt, sand, scale, science, sea seat, secretary, selection, self, sense, servant, sex, shade, shake, shame, shock, side, sign, silk, silver, sister, size, sky, sleep, slip, slope, smash, smell, smile, smoke, sneeze, snow, soap, society, son, song, sort, sound, soup, space, stage, start, statement, steam, steel, step, stitch, stone, stop, story, stretch, structure, substance, sugar, suggestion, summer, support, surprise, swim, system, talk, taste, tax, teaching, tendency, test, theory, thing, thought, thunder, time, tin, top, touch, trade, transport, trick, trouble, turn, twist, unit, use, value, verse, vessel, view, voice, walk, war, wash, waste, water, wave, wax, way, weather, week, weight, wind, wine, winter, woman, wood, wool, word, work, wound, writing, year
Dolgok – 200 ábrázolható szó
angle, ant, apple, arch, arm, army, baby, bag, ball, band, basin, basket, bath, bed, bee, bell, berry, bird, blade, board, boat, bone, book, boot, bottle, box, boy, brain, brake, branch, brick, bridge, brush, bucket, bulb, button, cake, camera, card, cart, carriage, cat, chain, cheese, chest, chin, church, circle, clock, cloud, coat, collar, comb, cord, cow, cup, curtain, cushion, dog, door, drain, drawer, dress, drop, ear, egg, engine, eye, face, farm, feather, finger, fish, flag, floor, fly, foot, fork, fowl, frame, garden, girl, glove, goat, gun, hair, hammer, hand, hat, head, heart, hook, horn, horse, hospital, house, island, jewel, kettle, key, knee, knife, knot, leaf, leg, library, line, lip, lock, map, match, monkey, moon, mouth, muscle, nail, neck, needle, nerve, net, nose, nut, office, orange, oven, parcel, pen, pencil, picture, pig, pin, pipe, plane, plate, plough, pocket, pot, potato, prison, pump, rail, rat, receipt, ring, rod, roof, root, sail, school, scissors, screw, seed, sheep, shelf, ship, shirt, shoe, skin, skirt, snake, sock, spade, sponge, spoon, spring, square, stamp, star, station, stem, stick, stocking, stomach, store, street, sun, table, tail, thread, throat, thumb, ticket, toe, tongue, tooth, town, train, tray, tree, trousers, umbrella, wall, watch, wheel, whip, whistle, window, wing, wire, worm .
Tulajdonságok – 100 általános szó
able, acid, angry, automatic, beautiful, black, boiling, bright, broken, brown, cheap, chemical, chief, clean, clear, common, complex, conscious, cut, deep, dependent, early, elastic, electric, equal, fat, fertile, first, fixed, flat, free, frequent, full, general, good, great, grey, hanging, happy, hard, healthy, high, hollow, important, kind, like, living, long, male, married, material, medical, military, natural, necessary, new, normal, open, parallel, past, physical, political, poor, possible, present, private, probable, quick, quiet, ready, red, regular, responsible, right, round, same, second, separate, serious, sharp, smooth, sticky, stiff, straight, strong, sudden, sweet, tall, thick, tight, tired, true, violent, waiting, warm, wet, wide, wise, yellow, young .
Tulajdonságok – 50 szó
awake, bad, bent, bitter, blue, certain, cold, complete, cruel, dark, dead, dear, delicate, different, dirty, dry, false, feeble, female, foolish, future, green, ill, last, late, left, loose, loud, low, mixed, narrow, old, opposite, public, rough, sad, safe, secret, short, shut, simple, slow, small, soft, solid, special, strange, thin, white, wrong .
Példamondatok
Néhány példa a come használatára:
További információk
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/50px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png)
- Charles Kay Ogden, Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar Archiválva 2005. március 9-i dátummal a Wayback Machine-ben, London: Paul Treber & Co., Ltd. (1930).
- http://ogden.basic-english.org/basiceng.html Archiválva 2005. augusztus 22-i dátummal a Wayback Machine-ben
- https://web.archive.org/web/20040417113231/http://wiktionary.org/wiki/Wiktionary:Basic_English_template (Basic English szavak, melyek segítséget nyújtanak más nyelvek tanulásához)
- http://simple.wikipedia.org – Egyszerűsített angol nyelven íródott Wikipédia, mely olyan cikkeket tartalmaz, amely hasonlít a Basic Englishre
- Basic English Wordlist: https://web.archive.org/web/20170204132842/http://www2.educ.fukushima-u.ac.jp/~ryota/word-list.html