Simulador sísmico
El simulador sísmico (o mesa vibratoria) es un aparato de ensayos experimentales para probar la resistencia sísmica de una estructura. Ese aparato de prueba es capaz de imponer vibraciones a elementos o a modelos de estructuras enteras, reproduciendo el movimiento del suelo en caso de terremotos.
Por eso los simuladores sísmicos son ampliamente utilizados dentro del campo de la ingeniería sísmica como herramienta fundamental para investigar la eficacia de nuevos materiales, dispositivos y técnicas constructivas antisísmicas.
Hoy en día los modernos simuladores sísmicos están típicamente dotados con una plataforma rectangular capaz de movimientos a seis grados de libertad por medio de actuadores, mientras los primeros aparatos de este tipo, inventados en la Universidad de Tokio en 1893 para caracterizar a las técnicas constructivas, operaban mediante una simple rueda mecánica.[1]
Algunas mesas vibratoria pueden reproducir también otros tipos de vibraciones, como las de los medios de transporte. Consecuentemente son aplicadas a los procesos de calificación de vehículos y componentes de veiculos que tienen que respetar requisitos de vibraciones muy exigentes (aplicaciones aeroespaciales[2],[3] militares,[4] etc.).
Lista de los mayores simuladores sísmicos en el mundo
Esta lista era originariamente basada en los siguientes documentos: Experimental Facilities for Earthquake Engineering Simulation Worldwide,[5] Directory of International Earthquake Engineering Research Facilities[6] y publicaciones por Chowdhury,[7] Duarte,[8] Kamimura y Nakashima[9] y EERI.[10]
Continente | País | Estado | Localización aparato | Dimensiones (m) | Masa máxima (t) | Grados de liberdad | Despl X (mm) | Despl Y (mm) | Despl Z (mm) | Vel X (mm/s) | Vel Y (mm/s) | Vel Z (mm/s) | Acel X (m/s2) | Acel Y (m/s2) | Acel Z (m/s2) | Frecuencia máxima (Hz) | Datos verificados |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
África | Argelia | - | CGS Laboratory, Argel[11] | 6.1 x 6.1 | 60 | 6 | ±150 | ±250 | ±100 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±1000 | ±10 | ±10 | ±8 | 100 | 13/6/2015 |
África | África del Sur | - | Universidad de Witwatersrand[12] | 4 x 4 | 10 | 1 | ±750 | n/a | n/a | ±1000 | n/a | n/a | ±10 | n/a | n/a | 40 | 17/7/2009 |
Asia | China | - | China Academy of Building Research,[13][14] Pekín | 6.1 x 6.1 | 60 | 6 | ±150 | ±250 | ±100 | ±1000 | ±1200 | ±800 | ±15 | ±10 | ±8 | 50 | ? |
Asia | China | - | Guangzhou University[15] | 3 x 3 | 20 | 6 | ±100 | ±100 | ±50 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±26 | ±26 | ±50 | 50 | 10/7/2008 |
Asia | China | - | Nanjing University of Technology[14] | 3 x 5 | 15 | 3 | ±120 | ±120 | ±120 | ±500 | ±500 | ±500 | ±10 | ±10 | ±10 | 50 | ? |
Asia | China | - | Tongji University, Shanghái[14] | 4 x 4 | 25 | 6 | ±100 | ±50 | ±50 | ±1000 | ±600 | ±600 | ±40 | ±20 | ±40 | 50 | ? |
Asia | China | - | Xi'a University of Architecture & Technology | 2 x 2 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | Singapur | - | Nanyang Technological University | 3 x 3 | 10 | 1 | ±120 | n/a | n/a | ±650 | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 23/7/2008 |
Asia | Hong Kong | - | City University of Hong Kong | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | Hong Kong | - | Hong Kong Polytechnic University[16] | 3 x 3 | 10 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 10 | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | India | - | Jamia Millia Islamia ,[17] New Delhi | 5 x 5 | 20 | 1 | ±500 | n/a | n/a | ? | ? | ? | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 100 | ? |
Asia | India | - | IIT Guwahati[18] | 2.5 x 2.5 | 5 | 1 | ±500 | n/a | n/a | ? | ? | ? | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 100 | ? |
Asia | India | - | CPRI Bangalore,[19] Karnataka | 3 x 3 | 10 | 6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | India | - | IISc,[20] Bangalore | 1 x 1 | 0.5 | 6 | ±220 | ±220 | ±100 | ±570 | ±570 | ±570 | ±30 | ±30 | ±20 | 50 | 23/7/2008 |
Asia | India | - | SERC,[19] Chennai (1 de 3), Tamil Nadu | 4 x 4 | 30 | 3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | India | - | SERC,[19] Chennai (2 de 3), Tamil Nadu | 2 x 2 | 5 | 3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | India | - | SERC,[21] Chennai (3 de 3), Tamil Nadu | 3 x 3 | 10 | 6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | India | - | Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Chennai, Tamil Nadu | 3 x 3 | 10 | 6 | ±100 | ±100 | ±100 | 300 | 300 | ? | ±14.715 | ±14.715 | 9.81 | 100 | ? |
Asia | India | - | IIT Roorkee[19][22] Uttarakhand | 3.5 x 3.5 | 20 | 2 | ? | n/a | ? | ? | n/a | ? | ? | n/a | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | India | - | IIT Kanpur,[23] Uttar Pradesh | 1.2 x 1.8 | 4 | 1 | ±75 | n/a | n/a | ±1500 | n/a | n/a | ±50 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 25/6/2009 |
Asia | India | - | Bengal Engineering and Science University, Shibpur,[24] West Bengal | 1.5 x 1.5 | ? | 1 | ? | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ? | 19/11/2009 |
Asia | Irán | - | International Institute of Earthquake Engineering ans Seismology (IIEES) | 1.4 x 1.2 | 2 | 1 | ±35 | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ±40 | n/a | n/a | ? | ? |
Asia | Irán | - | Irán University of Science & Technology (IUST) | 2 x 0.5 | 5 | 1 | ±60 | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ±6.5 | n/a | n/a | ? | ? |
Asia | Irán | - | Sharif University of Technology (SUT)) | 4 x 4 | 30 | 3 | ±125 | ±200 | ? | ±500 | ±800 | ? | ±50 | ±40 | ? | 50 | 7/19/2011 |
Asia | Japón | - | Aichi Institute of Technology | 11 x 6 | 136 | 1 | ±150 | ? | ? | ±1000 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Building Research Institute | 3 x 4 | 20 | 3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry[25] | 5 x 5 | 60 | 1 | ±500 | n/a | n/a | ±1500 | n/a | n/a | ±10 | n/a | n/a | 30 | 12/3/2008 |
Asia | Japón | - | NIED ‘E-Defence’ Laboratory, Miki City[26] | 20 x 15 | 1200 | 6 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±500 | ±2000 | ±2000 | ±700 | ±9 | ±9 | ±15 | 50 | 3/3/2008 |
Asia | Japón | - | Fujita Corporation | 4 x 4 | 25 | 1 | ±500 | n/a | n/a | ±1500 | n/a | n/a | ±10 | n/a | n/a | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Hazama Corp Ltd. | 6 x 4 | 80 | 3 | ±300 | ±150 | ±100 | ±1150 | ? | ? | ±20 | ±3 | ±2 | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Hitachi Engineering Corp | 4 x 4 | 20 | 1 | ±150 | ? | ? | ±750 | ? | ? | ±20 | ? | ? | 30 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Corp. | 4.5 x 4.5 | 35 | 6 | ±100 | ±100 | ±67 | ±750 | ±750 | ±500 | ±15 | ±15 | ±10 | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | JDC Corp. | ? | 20 | 6 | ±300 | ? | ? | ±1000 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Kawasaki Heavy Industries Corp. | ? | 30 | 3 | ±75 | ? | ? | ±400 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Kajima Corp. Ltd. (1 de 2)[27] | 5 x 5 | 50 | 6 | ±200 | ±200 | ±100 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±500 | ±20 | ±20 | ±20 | 60 | 3/3/2008 |
Asia | Japón | - | Kajima Corp. Ltd. (2 de 2) | 4 x 4 | 20 | 2 | ±150 | n/a | ±75 | ±1140 | n/a | ±4450 | ±20 | n/a | ±10 | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Kumagai-Gumi Corp Ltd | 5 x 5 | 64 | 6 | ±80 | ±260 | ±50 | ±600 | ±1500 | ±500 | ±30 | ±10 | ±10 | 70 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Kyoto University | 5 x 3 | 14 | 6 | ±300 | ? | ? | ±1500 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Kyoto University Disaster Prevention Research Centre[28] | 3.5 diameter | ? | 6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Ministry of Construction | 6 x 8 | 100 | 2 | ±75 | n/a | ? | ±600 | n/a | ? | ±7 | n/a | ? | 30 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Mitsubishi Electric Corp. | ? | 40 | 2 | ±100 | ? | ? | ±700 | ? | ? | ±25 | ? | ? | 30 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Corp. | ? | 100 | 3 | ±50 | ? | ? | ±1500 | ? | ? | ±20 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | National Research Institute of Agriculture Engineering | 6 x 4 | 45 | 3 | ±150 | ? | ? | ±750 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 40 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | NIED (Nat. Inst. for Disaster Prevention) (1 de 2) | 6 x 6 | 1100 | 3 | ±1000 | ? | ? | ±2000 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 15 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | NIED (Nat. Inst. for Disaster Prevention) (2 de 2) | 12 x 12 | 500 | 1 | ±220 | ? | ? | ±900 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Nishimatsu Construction Corp | 5.5 x 5.5 | 65 | 6 | ±500 | ? | ? | ±1500 | ? | ? | ±20 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation | 15 x 15 | 908 | 2 | ±200 | n/a | ±100 | ±750 | n/a | ±375 | ±18 | n/a | ±9 | 30 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | NYK Corporation | 2.6 x 2.6 | 20 | 6 | ±200 | ? | ? | ±600 | ? | ? | ±20 | ? | ? | 80 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Obayashi-Gumi Corporation | 5 x 5 | 46 | 3 | ±600 | ? | ? | ±2000 | ? | ? | ±30 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Okumura Corp. | ? | 60 | 6 | ±125 | ? | ? | ±1000 | ? | ? | ±30 | ? | ? | 70 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Penta-Ocean Construction Co. Ltd. (1 de 2) | ? | 60 | 6 | ±300 | ? | ? | ±1000 | ? | ? | ±5 | ? | ? | 70 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Penta-Ocean Construction Co. Ltd. (2 de 2) | ? | 60 | 6 | ±200 | ? | ? | ±750 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 70 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Port and Airport Research Institute | 3.4 x 3.4 | 55 | 2 | ±200 | n/a | ±100 | ±750 | ±500 | n/a | ±8 | ±15 | n/a | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Public Works Research Institute (PWRI)[29] | 8 x 8 | 300 | 6 | ±600 | ±600 | ±300 | ±2000 | ±2000 | ±1000 | ±20 | ±20 | ±10 | 50 | 10/5/2008 |
Asia | Japón | - | Sanryo Heavy Industries Corporation | 6 x 6 | 90.7 | 3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Shimizu Corporation | 4 x 4 | 20 | 3 | ±200 | ? | ? | ±1000 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Taisei Corp Ltd | 4 x 4 | 20 | 2 | ±200 | ? | ? | ±450 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Tobishima Corp Ltd | 4 x 4 | 20 | 2 | ±75 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ±15 | ? | ? | 30 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Tobishima Corp Ltd | ? | 20 | 6 | ±200 | ? | ? | ±800 | ? | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 30 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Tokyu Const. Corp. | 4 x 4 | 30 | 6 | ±500 | ±200 | ±100 | ±1500 | ±1000 | ? | ±10 | ? | ? | 30 | ? |
Asia | Japón | - | Toshiba Electric Co. | 5 x 5 | 20 | 2 | ±750 | n/a | ±380 | ±400 | n/a | ±250 | ±10 | n/a | ±7 | 30 | ? |
Asia | Corea del Sur | - | Hyundai Institute of Construction Technology Development (1 de 2)[30] | 2 x 2 | 5 | 2 | ±75 | ±75 | n/a | ±500 | ±500 | n/a | ±10 | ±10 | n/a | ? | 5/2/2009 |
Asia | Corea del Sur | - | Hyundai Institute of Construction Technology Development (2 de 2) | 5 x 3 | 30 | 1 | ±100 | n/a | n/a | ±500 | n/a | n/a | ±10 | n/a | n/a | ? | 5/2/2009 |
Asia | Corea del Sur | - | Korea Institute of Machinery and Metals, Changwon | 4 x 4 | 30 | 6 | ±200 | ±200 | ±134 | ±750 | ±750 | ±500 | ±15 | ±15 | ±10 | 50 | ? |
Asia | Corea del Sur | - | Pusan National University (1 de 3)[31] | 5 x 5 | 300 | 2 | ±300 | ±200 | n/a | ±1000 | ±1000 | n/a | ±20 | ±20 | n/a | 60 | 24/7/2008 |
Asia | Corea del Sur | - | Pusan National University (2 de 3)[31] | 5 x 5 | 600 | 2 | ±300 | ±200 | n/a | ±1000 | ±1000 | n/a | ±30 | ±30 | n/a | 60 | 24/7/2008 |
Asia | Corea del Sur | - | Pusan National University (3 de 3)[31] | 4 x 4 | 300 | 6 | ±300 | ±200 | ±150 | ±1500 | ±1500 | ±1000 | ±20 | ±20 | ±40 | 60 | 24/7/2008 |
Asia | Malesia | - | Sabah University | 1.5 x 1.5 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Asia | Pakistán | - | Earthquake Engineering Center, University of Engineering & Technology Peshawar[32] | 6.0 x 6.0 | 60 | 6 | ±300 | ±300 | ±300 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±14.7 | ±14.7 | ±14.7 | 50 | |
Asia | Taiwán | - | National Center for Research in Earthquake Engineering[33] | 5 x 5 | 50 | 6 | ±250 | ±100 | ±100 | ±1000 | ±600 | ±500 | ±10 | ±30 | ±10 | 50 | 12/3/2008 |
Europa | Francia | - | Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), AZALEE (1 of 3)[34] | 6 x 6 | 100 | 6 | ±125 | ±125 | ±100 | ±700 | ±700 | ±700 | ±10 | ±10 | ±25 | 50 | 27/01/2011 |
Europa | Francia | - | Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), VESUVE (2 of 3)[34] | 4 x 3 | 20 | 1 | ±125 | n/a | n/a | ±1000 | n/a | n/a | ±10 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 27/01/2011 |
Europa | Francia | - | Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), TOURNESOL (3 of 3)[34] | 2 x 2 | 10 | 3 | ±125 | n/a | ±100 | ±2000 | n/a | ±1300 | ±10 | n/a | 10 | 50 | 27/01/2011 |
Europa | Francia | - | FCBA Institut technologique,[35] Bordeaux | 6 x 6 | 10 | 1 | ±125 | n/a | n/a | ±800 | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 02/2011 |
Europa | Grecia | - | Aristotle University of Thessaloniki | 1.2 x 1.2 | 15 | 2 | ±50 | n/a | ±50 | ? | n/a | ? | ? | n/a | ? | 30 | ? |
Europa | Grecia | - | National Technical University of Athens[36] | 4 x 4 | 10 | 6 | ±100 | ±100 | ±100 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±20 | ±20 | ±40 | 100 | 12/3/2008 |
Europa | Italia | - | Ansaldo Nucleare, Génova[37] | 3.5 x 3.5 | 6 | 3 | ±70 | ? | ? | ±860 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 60 | ? |
Europa | Italia | - | Dipartimento di Strutture per l'Ingegneria e l'Architettura, Universidad de Nápoles "Federico II" [38] | 4 x 4 | 20 | 2 | ±250 | ±250 | n/a | ±1000 | ±1000 | n/a | 10 | 10 | n/a | 50 | - |
Europa | Italia | - | ENEA (Casaccia R. C.) - System 1[39] (1 of 2) | 4 x 4 | 30 | 6 | ±125 | ±125 | ±125 | ±500 | ±500 | ±500 | ±30 | ±30 | ±30 | 50 | 13/6/2015 |
Europa | Italia | - | ENEA (Casaccia R. C.) - System 2[39] (2 of 2) | 2 x 2 | 5 | 6 | ±150 | ±150 | ±150 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±50 | ±50 | ±50 | 100 | 13/6/2015 |
Europa | Italia | - | CESI S.p.A., Static & Dynamic Testing Laboratories, Seriate (BG) | 4 x 4 | 30 | 6 | ±100 | ±100 | ±100 | ±440 | ±440 | ±440 | ±50 | ±50 | ? | 120 | 13/6/2015 |
Europa | Italia | - | European Centre for Training & Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE)[40] | 5.6 x 7 | 140 | 1 | ±500 | - | - | ±2200 | - | - | 59 | - | - | 50 | - |
Europa | Italia | - | European Centre for Training & Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE)[40] - Bearing Testing System | 1.6 x 4.4 | 5000 (vertical load) | 5 | ±500 | ±265 | 140 | ±2200 | ±600 | ±250 | 18 | - | - | 20 | - |
Europa | Italia | - | European Centre for Training & Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCENTRE)[40] - Damper Testing System | 1.5 x 2 | 50 | 1 | ±250 | - | - | ±1180 | - | - | 10 | - | - | 20 | - |
Europa | Macedonia | - | Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje (1 de 2)[41] | 5 x 5 | 40 | 5 | n/a | ±125 | ±60 | n/a | ±1000 | ±500 | n/a | ±30 | ±15 | 80 | 20/9/2011 |
Europa | Macedonia | - | Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology (IZIIS), University of SS. Cyril and Methodius in Skopje (2 de 2)[41] | 1.4 x 2.5 | 8 | 1 | ±100 | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 80 | 7/7/2008 |
Europa | Holanda | - | European Space Agency (ESA) ESTEC Test Centre, Noordwijk | 5.5 x 5.5 | 22.5 | 6 | ±70 | ±70 | ±70 | ±800 | ±800 | ±800 | ±50 | ±50 | ±50 | 2-100 | 23/7/2008 |
Europa | Portugal | - | Laboratorio Nacional de Engenharia Civil (LNEC), Lisboa | 5.6 x 5.6 | 40 | 3 | ±175 | ±175 | ±175 | ±200 | ±200 | ±200 | ±18 | ±11 | ±6 | 20 | ? |
Europa | Rusia | - | Hydroproject Research Institute | 5 x 5 | 50 | 3 | ±70 | ±70 | ±40 | ±600 | ? | ? | ±20 | ±20 | ? | 40 | ? |
Europa | España | - | CEDEX, Madrid[42][43] | 3 x 3 | 10 | 6 | ±100 | ±100 | ±50 | ? | ? | ? | ±10 | ±10 | ±20 | 60 | 13/6/2015 |
Europa | Turquía | - | Bogazici University, Istanbul (1 de 2)[44] | 3 x 3 | 10 | 1 | ±120 | n/a | n/a | ±650 | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 3/3/2008 |
Europa | Turquía | - | Bogazici University, Istanbul (2 de 2)[44] | 0.7 x 0.7 | 0.1 | 3 | ±120 | ±120 | ±120 | ±1200 | ±1200 | ±1200 | ±100 | ±100 | ±100 | 40 | 3/3/2008 |
Europa | Turquía | - | Middle East Technical University, Ankara[45] | 2 x 1 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Europa | Reino Unido | - | University of Bristol (EERC)[46] | 3 x 3 | 17 | 6 | ±150 | ±150 | ±150 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±60 | ±60 | ±60 | 100 | 29/2/2008 |
Norteamérica | Canadá | Ontario | Royal Military College of Canada,[47] Kingston | 2.7 x 2.7 | 5 | 1 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Norteamérica | Canadá | British Columbia | University of British Columbia (EERF Lab), Vancouver | 4 x 4 | 30 | 6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Norteamérica | Canadá | Quebec | University of Sherbrooke | ? x ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Norteamérica | México | México D.F. | Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad del México[48] | 4 x 4 | 20 | 5 | ±150 | ±150 | ±75 | ±1100 | ±1100 | ±450 | ±10 | ±10 | ±10 | 60 | 10/9/2008 |
Norteamérica | USA | Colorado | ANCO Engineers, Inc Boulder, Colorado[49] | 3 x 3 | 10 | 3 | ±200 | ±200 | ±200 | ±2000 | ±2000 | ±2000 | ±30 | ±30 | ±30 | 40 | 16/10/2012 |
Norteamérica | USA | Alabama | NASA | 3 x 4.5 | 1 | 6 | ±2440 | ? | ? | ±100 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Norteamérica | USA | Ohio | NASA Mechanical Vibration Facility (MVF), Glenn's Space Power Facility,[50] Sandusky | 6.7 diámetro | 34 | 6 | ±15 | ±15 | ? | ±338 | ±338 | ? | ? | ? | ? | 150 | 23/6/2015 |
Norteamérica | USA | Alabama | Wyle Laboratories (1 de 3)[51] | 6.1 x 5.5 | 27 | 2 | ±152 | ? | ? | ±890 | ? | ? | ±60 | ? | ? | 100 | 16/10/2012 |
Norteamérica | USA | Alabama | Wyle Laboratories (2 de 3)[51] | 2.7 x 2.7 | 4.5 | 3 | ±250 | ±250 | ±250 | ±1120 | ±1120 | ±1120 | ±45 | ±45 | ±45 | 100 | 16/10/2012 |
Norteamérica | USA | Alabama | Wyle Laboratories (3 de 3)[51] | 2.4 x 2.4 | 4.5 | 2 | ±305 | n/a | ±228 | ±1168 | n/a | ±838 | ±70 | n/a | ±80 | 70 | 16/10/2012 |
Norteamérica | USA | North Carolina | Duke University[52] | 1.2 x 1.2 | 5 | 1 | ±75 | n/a | n/a | ±500 | n/a | n/a | ±50 | n/a | n/a | 60 | 15/4/2008 |
Norteamérica | USA | California | University of California at Berkeley[53] | 6.1 x 6.1 | 45 | 6 | ±127 | ±127 | ±51 | ±762 | ±762 | ±254 | ±15 | ±15 | ±20 | 20 | 30/4/2008 |
Norteamérica | USA | California | California State University, Fresno[54] | 2.4 x 2.0 | ? | 1 | ±125 | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ? | 19/11/2009 |
Norteamérica | USA | California | University of California at San Diego[55] | 12.2 x 7.6 | 2000 | 1 | ±750 | n/a | n/a | ±1800 | n/a | n/a | ±10 | n/a | n/a | 20 | 7/7/2008 |
Norteamérica | USA | Connecticut | University of Connecticut[56] | 1.5 x 1.5 | 1 | 1 | ±150 | n/a | n/a | ? | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 8/5/2008 |
Norteamérica | USA | Illinois | University of Illinois at Urbana / Champaign | 3.7 x 3.7 | 5 | 1 | ±50 | ? | ? | ±381 | ? | ? | ±30 | ? | ? | 50 | ? |
Norteamérica | USA | New York | University at Buffalo (State University of New York) (1-2 de 3)[57] | 3.6 x 3.6 | 50 | 6 | ±150 | ±150 | ±75 | ±1250 | ±1250 | ±500 | ±12 | ±12 | ±12 | 100 | 12/3/2008 |
Norteamérica | USA | New York | University at Buffalo (State University of New York) (3 de 3)[57] | 3.7 x 3.7 | 50 | 5 | ±150 | n/a | ±75 | ±762 | n/a | ±500 | ±12 | n/a | ±23 | 50 | 12/3/2008 |
Norteamérica | USA | New York | Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute[58] | 1.7 x 2.6 | 5 | 1 | ±130 | n/a | n/a | ±270 | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 8/5/2008 |
Norteamérica | USA | Nevada | University of Nevada at Reno (3 aparatos)[59] | 4.3 x 4.5 | 45 | 2 | ±300 | ±300 | n/a | ±1270 | ±1270 | n/a | ±20 | ±20 | n/a | 50 | 8/2/2010 |
Norteamérica | USA | Nevada | University of Nevada at Reno[60] | 2.75 x 2.75 | 50 | 6 | ±75 | ±300 | ±100 | ? | ? | ? | ±20 | ±40 | ±10 | 50 | 13/3/2008 |
Norteamérica | USA | Nevada | Dynamic Certification Laboratories[61] | 2.0 diameter | 4.5 | 6 | ±140 | ±120 | ±150 | ±1000 | ±1000 | ±1200 | ±98 | ±98 | ±108 | 100 | 17/7/2012 |
Norteamérica | USA | Texas | Rice University[62] | 0.465m² | 7 | 1 | ±75 | n/a | n/a | ±1400 | n/a | n/a | ±20 | n/a | n/a | 50 | 8/5/2008 |
Norteamérica | USA | Illinios | Civil Engineering Research Lab U.S. Army, Champaign | 3.6 x 3.6 | 45 | 3 | ±300 | ? | ? | ±1300 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 250 | ? |
Norteamérica | USA | Virginia | The George Washington University - Virginia Campus[63] | 3 x 3 | ? | 6 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Oceanía | Australia | Victoria | University of Melbourne | 2 x 2 | 3 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Oceanía | Australia | New South Wales | University of Technology, Sídney | 3 x 3 | 10 | 1 | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | 50 | 15/12/2009 |
Nota: esta lista se limita a las mesas vibratorias de tamaño mayor de 2 m x 2 m o con capacidad mayor que 4 t (mesas para pruebas sísmicas).
Notas
- ↑ Reitherman, Robert (2012). ASCE Press, ed. Earthquakes and Engineers: An International History. Reston, VA. pp. 126-127. ISBN 9780784410714. Archivado desde el original el 26 de julio de 2012.
- ↑ NASA’s Space Power Facility
- ↑ [1] visto 17/6/2015
- ↑ United States Department of Defense, ed. (31 de octubre de 2008). «MIL-STD-810G, Department of Defense Test Method Standard for Environmental Engineering Considerations and Laboratory Tests» (PDF).
- ↑ «http://www.nea.fr/html/nsd/docs/2004/csni-r2004-10.pdf» (PDF). p. www.nea.fr. Consultado el 17 de junio de 2015.
- ↑ «Directory of International Earthquake Engineering Research Facilities | Center for Science, Technology & Economic Development». p. csted.sri.com. Archivado desde el original el 21 de diciembre de 2013. Consultado el 17 de junio de 2015.
- ↑ Chowdhury AH (1983). Shaking table testing facilities around the world. Proceedings of the 4th Engineering Mechanics Division Specialty Conference: Recent Advances in Engineering Mechanics and their Impact on Civil Engineering Practice., West Lafayette, Indiana, USA. Vol. 1, pp. 617-620.
- ↑ Duarte RT (1994). Report of the EAEE Working Group 11: Development of shaking table testing techniques. Proceedings of the 10th European Conference on Earthquake Engineering, Vienna, Austria, v. 4, pp. 3135-3144.
- ↑ Kamimura K, Nakashima M (1983). Seismic test facilities for building structures in Japan. Proceedings of the 4th Engineering Mechanics Division Specialty Conference: Recent Advances in Engineering Mechanics and their Impact on Civil Engineering Practice., West Lafayette, Indiana, v. 1, pp. 638-641.
- ↑ EERI (1995). Assessment of earthquake engineering research and testing capabilities in the United States. Earthquake Engineering Research Institute, Committee on Experimental Research, Oakland, CA. Publication No. WP-01, pp. 1-23.
- ↑ Presentation on Current activities in Algeria visto 30/6/2010
- ↑ Press release about Hydraform Donating Earthquake Shake Table to Wits University visto 22/10/2009
- ↑ China Academy of Building Research - Major Laboratories Archivado el 14 de marzo de 2008 en Wayback Machine. visto 10/7/2008
- ↑ a b c Shaking table blog visto 10/7/2008
- ↑ Earthquake Engineering Research Test Center (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última). visto 10/7/2008
- ↑ Centre for urban hazards mitigation visto 24/7/2008
- ↑ [2]
- ↑ IIT Guwahati, Department of Civil Engineering,Assam (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última).
- ↑ a b c d Earthquake Resistant design practice and research in India, The Structural Engineer, 18 de marzo 2008
- ↑ Development of a digitally-controlled three-axis earthquake shake table,Karnataka visto 7 de oct 2008
- ↑ SERC Chennai Advanced Seismic Testing and Research Laboratory Archivado el 23 de febrero de 2012 en Wayback Machine. visto on 22/10/09
- ↑ «IIT Roorkee, Department of Earthquake Engineering». Archivado desde el original el 17 de junio de 2015. Consultado el 18 de junio de 2015.
- ↑ IIT Kanpur, Department of Civil Engineering
- ↑ School of Disaster Mitigation Engineering (SDME)
- ↑ CRIEPI Hybrid Seismic Testing System Shaking table Archivado el 22 de mayo de 2007 en Wayback Machine. visto 12/3/2008
- ↑ The NIED ‘E-Defence’ Laboratory in Miki City visto on 3/3/2008
- ↑ Kajima’s English Website visto on 3/3/2008
- ↑ MTS website visto 3 de marzo 2008
- ↑ Public Works Research Institute large 3D shaking table (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última). visto on 10/5/2008
- ↑ See p 14 of document - Hyundai Institute of Construction Technology Development (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última). visto on 10/1/2009
- ↑ a b c KOCED Multi platform seismic simulation facility Archivado el 23 de julio de 2011 en Wayback Machine. visto on 1/12/2010
- ↑ NWFP UET Earthquake Research and Education Centre
- ↑ NCREE's English Website visto on 29/2/2008
- ↑ a b c Seismic Mechanic Studies Laboratory visto 27/11/2011
- ↑ [3] visto on 13/6/2015
- ↑ NTUA Laboratory for Earthquake Engineering visto on 12/3/2008
- ↑ [4] Archivado el 8 de mayo de 2006 en Wayback Machine. visto on 13/6/2015
- ↑ [5] visto 29/11/2013
- ↑ a b ENEA DySCo virtual lab facilities visto 05/05/2015
- ↑ a b c [6] Archivado el 17 de junio de 2015 en Wayback Machine. visto 13/6/2015
- ↑ a b Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology, IZIIS visto on 20/09/2011
- ↑ CEDEX Structures laboratory visto on 23/11/2009
- ↑ [7] visto on 13/6/2015
- ↑ a b Bogazici University Shaking Table Laboratory (enlace roto disponible en Internet Archive; véase el historial, la primera versión y la última). visto on 3/3/2008
- ↑ [8] visto 13/6/2015
- ↑ Bristol University Earthquake Engineering Research Centre visto on 29/2/2008
- ↑ [9] visto on 13/6/2015
- ↑ Instituto de Ingeniería, UNAM, Mesa Vibradora Laboratorios
- ↑ ANCO Engineers shaking tables visto on 15/10/2012
- ↑ «NASA Mechanical Vibration Facility (MVF)». Archivado desde el original el 3 de abril de 2015. Consultado el 23 de junio de 2015.
- ↑ a b c Wyle Laboratories shaking tables visto on 16/10/2012
- ↑ Duke University Structural Dynamics and the Seismic Response Control Laboratory Archivado el 14 de octubre de 2012 en Wayback Machine. visto on 15/4/2008
- ↑ University of California, Berkeley, Earthquake Simulator Laboratory visto on 30/4/2008
- ↑ Department of Civil Engineering visto 19/11/2009
- ↑ UCSD Large High Performance Outdoor Shake Table Archivado el 22 de octubre de 2010 en Wayback Machine. visto 12/3/2008
- ↑ University of Connecticut Advanced Hazards Mitigation Lab Archivado el 21 de junio de 2015 en Wayback Machine. visto 8/5/2008
- ↑ a b University at Buffalo’s Structural Engineering and Earthquake Simulation Laboratory (SEESL) Archivado el 17 de mayo de 2008 en Wayback Machine. visto on 13/3/2008
- ↑ Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Structural Engineering Laboratories visto 8/5/2008
- ↑ NEES Equipment Site at the University of Nevada, Reno visto 12/3/2008
- ↑ NEES Equipment Site at the University of Nevada, Reno Archivado el 20 de julio de 2011 en Wayback Machine. visto 8/2/2010
- ↑ Dynamic Certification Laboratories visto 17/7/2012
- ↑ Rice University, Dynamic Systems Laboratory visto 8/5/2008
- ↑ «Copia archivada». Archivado desde el original el 13 de junio de 2010. Consultado el 13 de agosto de 2013. visto 8/13/2013
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Datos: Q5327279