11th month in the French Republican Calendar, from mid-July to mid-August
Thermidor (French pronunciation:[tɛʁmidɔʁ]) was the eleventh month in the French Republican calendar. The month was named after the French word thermal, derived from the Greek word thermos 'heat'.
Thermidor was the second month of the summer quarter (mois d'été). It started July 19 or 20. It ended August 17 or 18. It follows Messidor and precedes Fructidor. During Year 2, it was sometimes called Fervidor.
Because of the Thermidorian Reaction—9 Thermidor Year II—the overthrow of revolutionary radical Maximilien Robespierre and his followers in that month, the word "Thermidor" has come to mean a retreat from more radical goals and strategies during a revolution, especially when caused by a replacement of leading personalities.
3
Thermidor
III
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Sunday 19 July 1795
2
Monday 20 July 1795
3
Tuesday 21 July 1795
4
Wednesday 22 July 1795
5
Thursday 23 July 1795
6
Friday 24 July 1795
7
Saturday 25 July 1795
8
Sunday 26 July 1795
9
Monday 27 July 1795
10
Tuesday 28 July 1795
décade 32
11
Wednesday 29 July 1795
12
Thursday 30 July 1795
13
Friday 31 July 1795
14
Saturday 1 August 1795
15
Sunday 2 August 1795
16
Monday 3 August 1795
17
Tuesday 4 August 1795
18
Wednesday 5 August 1795
19
Thursday 6 August 1795
20
Friday 7 August 1795
décade 33
21
Saturday 8 August 1795
22
Sunday 9 August 1795
23
Monday 10 August 1795
24
Tuesday 11 August 1795
25
Wednesday 12 August 1795
26
Thursday 13 August 1795
27
Friday 14 August 1795
28
Saturday 15 August 1795
29
Sunday 16 August 1795
30
Monday 17 August 1795
10 h
Paris
8h83m35s
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
Conversion between Republican and Gregorian calendar for the years I - XIV
1
Thermidor
I
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Friday 19 July 1793
2
Saturday 20 July 1793
3
Sunday 21 July 1793
4
Monday 22 July 1793
5
Tuesday 23 July 1793
6
Wednesday 24 July 1793
7
Thursday 25 July 1793
8
Friday 26 July 1793
9
Saturday 27 July 1793
10
Sunday 28 July 1793
décade 32
11
Monday 29 July 1793
12
Tuesday 30 July 1793
13
Wednesday 31 July 1793
14
Thursday 1 August 1793
15
Friday 2 August 1793
16
Saturday 3 August 1793
17
Sunday 4 August 1793
18
Monday 5 August 1793
19
Tuesday 6 August 1793
20
Wednesday 7 August 1793
décade 33
21
Thursday 8 August 1793
22
Friday 9 August 1793
23
Saturday 10 August 1793
24
Sunday 11 August 1793
25
Monday 12 August 1793
26
Tuesday 13 August 1793
27
Wednesday 14 August 1793
28
Thursday 15 August 1793
29
Friday 16 August 1793
30
Saturday 17 August 1793
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
2
Thermidor
II
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Saturday 19 July 1794
2
Sunday 20 July 1794
3
Monday 21 July 1794
4
Tuesday 22 July 1794
5
Wednesday 23 July 1794
6
Thursday 24 July 1794
7
Friday 25 July 1794
8
Saturday 26 July 1794
9
Sunday 27 July 1794
10
Monday 28 July 1794
décade 32
11
Tuesday 29 July 1794
12
Wednesday 30 July 1794
13
Thursday 31 July 1794
14
Friday 1 August 1794
15
Saturday 2 August 1794
16
Sunday 3 August 1794
17
Monday 4 August 1794
18
Tuesday 5 August 1794
19
Wednesday 6 August 1794
20
Thursday 7 August 1794
décade 33
21
Friday 8 August 1794
22
Saturday 9 August 1794
23
Sunday 10 August 1794
24
Monday 11 August 1794
25
Tuesday 12 August 1794
26
Wednesday 13 August 1794
27
Thursday 14 August 1794
28
Friday 15 August 1794
29
Saturday 16 August 1794
30
Sunday 17 August 1794
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
3
Thermidor
III
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Sunday 19 July 1795
2
Monday 20 July 1795
3
Tuesday 21 July 1795
4
Wednesday 22 July 1795
5
Thursday 23 July 1795
6
Friday 24 July 1795
7
Saturday 25 July 1795
8
Sunday 26 July 1795
9
Monday 27 July 1795
10
Tuesday 28 July 1795
décade 32
11
Wednesday 29 July 1795
12
Thursday 30 July 1795
13
Friday 31 July 1795
14
Saturday 1 August 1795
15
Sunday 2 August 1795
16
Monday 3 August 1795
17
Tuesday 4 August 1795
18
Wednesday 5 August 1795
19
Thursday 6 August 1795
20
Friday 7 August 1795
décade 33
21
Saturday 8 August 1795
22
Sunday 9 August 1795
23
Monday 10 August 1795
24
Tuesday 11 August 1795
25
Wednesday 12 August 1795
26
Thursday 13 August 1795
27
Friday 14 August 1795
28
Saturday 15 August 1795
29
Sunday 16 August 1795
30
Monday 17 August 1795
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
4
Thermidor
IV
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Tuesday 19 July 1796
2
Wednesday 20 July 1796
3
Thursday 21 July 1796
4
Friday 22 July 1796
5
Saturday 23 July 1796
6
Sunday 24 July 1796
7
Monday 25 July 1796
8
Tuesday 26 July 1796
9
Wednesday 27 July 1796
10
Thursday 28 July 1796
décade 32
11
Friday 29 July 1796
12
Saturday 30 July 1796
13
Sunday 31 July 1796
14
Monday 1 August 1796
15
Tuesday 2 August 1796
16
Wednesday 3 August 1796
17
Thursday 4 August 1796
18
Friday 5 August 1796
19
Saturday 6 August 1796
20
Sunday 7 August 1796
décade 33
21
Monday 8 August 1796
22
Tuesday 9 August 1796
23
Wednesday 10 August 1796
24
Thursday 11 August 1796
25
Friday 12 August 1796
26
Saturday 13 August 1796
27
Sunday 14 August 1796
28
Monday 15 August 1796
29
Tuesday 16 August 1796
30
Wednesday 17 August 1796
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
5
Thermidor
V
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Wednesday 19 July 1797
2
Thursday 20 July 1797
3
Friday 21 July 1797
4
Saturday 22 July 1797
5
Sunday 23 July 1797
6
Monday 24 July 1797
7
Tuesday 25 July 1797
8
Wednesday 26 July 1797
9
Thursday 27 July 1797
10
Friday 28 July 1797
décade 32
11
Saturday 29 July 1797
12
Sunday 30 July 1797
13
Monday 31 July 1797
14
Tuesday 1 August 1797
15
Wednesday 2 August 1797
16
Thursday 3 August 1797
17
Friday 4 August 1797
18
Saturday 5 August 1797
19
Sunday 6 August 1797
20
Monday 7 August 1797
décade 33
21
Tuesday 8 August 1797
22
Wednesday 9 August 1797
23
Thursday 10 August 1797
24
Friday 11 August 1797
25
Saturday 12 August 1797
26
Sunday 13 August 1797
27
Monday 14 August 1797
28
Tuesday 15 August 1797
29
Wednesday 16 August 1797
30
Thursday 17 August 1797
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
6
Thermidor
VI
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Thursday 19 July 1798
2
Friday 20 July 1798
3
Saturday 21 July 1798
4
Sunday 22 July 1798
5
Monday 23 July 1798
6
Tuesday 24 July 1798
7
Wednesday 25 July 1798
8
Thursday 26 July 1798
9
Friday 27 July 1798
10
Saturday 28 July 1798
décade 32
11
Sunday 29 July 1798
12
Monday 30 July 1798
13
Tuesday 31 July 1798
14
Wednesday 1 August 1798
15
Thursday 2 August 1798
16
Friday 3 August 1798
17
Saturday 4 August 1798
18
Sunday 5 August 1798
19
Monday 6 August 1798
20
Tuesday 7 August 1798
décade 33
21
Wednesday 8 August 1798
22
Thursday 9 August 1798
23
Friday 10 August 1798
24
Saturday 11 August 1798
25
Sunday 12 August 1798
26
Monday 13 August 1798
27
Tuesday 14 August 1798
28
Wednesday 15 August 1798
29
Thursday 16 August 1798
30
Friday 17 August 1798
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
7
Thermidor
VII
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Friday 19 July 1799
2
Saturday 20 July 1799
3
Sunday 21 July 1799
4
Monday 22 July 1799
5
Tuesday 23 July 1799
6
Wednesday 24 July 1799
7
Thursday 25 July 1799
8
Friday 26 July 1799
9
Saturday 27 July 1799
10
Sunday 28 July 1799
décade 32
11
Monday 29 July 1799
12
Tuesday 30 July 1799
13
Wednesday 31 July 1799
14
Thursday 1 August 1799
15
Friday 2 August 1799
16
Saturday 3 August 1799
17
Sunday 4 August 1799
18
Monday 5 August 1799
19
Tuesday 6 August 1799
20
Wednesday 7 August 1799
décade 33
21
Thursday 8 August 1799
22
Friday 9 August 1799
23
Saturday 10 August 1799
24
Sunday 11 August 1799
25
Monday 12 August 1799
26
Tuesday 13 August 1799
27
Wednesday 14 August 1799
28
Thursday 15 August 1799
29
Friday 16 August 1799
30
Saturday 17 August 1799
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
8
Thermidor
VIII
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Sunday 20 July 1800
2
Monday 21 July 1800
3
Tuesday 22 July 1800
4
Wednesday 23 July 1800
5
Thursday 24 July 1800
6
Friday 25 July 1800
7
Saturday 26 July 1800
8
Sunday 27 July 1800
9
Monday 28 July 1800
10
Tuesday 29 July 1800
décade 32
11
Wednesday 30 July 1800
12
Thursday 31 July 1800
13
Friday 1 August 1800
14
Saturday 2 August 1800
15
Sunday 3 August 1800
16
Monday 4 August 1800
17
Tuesday 5 August 1800
18
Wednesday 6 August 1800
19
Thursday 7 August 1800
20
Friday 8 August 1800
décade 33
21
Saturday 9 August 1800
22
Sunday 10 August 1800
23
Monday 11 August 1800
24
Tuesday 12 August 1800
25
Wednesday 13 August 1800
26
Thursday 14 August 1800
27
Friday 15 August 1800
28
Saturday 16 August 1800
29
Sunday 17 August 1800
30
Monday 18 August 1800
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
9
Thermidor
IX
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Monday 20 July 1801
2
Tuesday 21 July 1801
3
Wednesday 22 July 1801
4
Thursday 23 July 1801
5
Friday 24 July 1801
6
Saturday 25 July 1801
7
Sunday 26 July 1801
8
Monday 27 July 1801
9
Tuesday 28 July 1801
10
Wednesday 29 July 1801
décade 32
11
Thursday 30 July 1801
12
Friday 31 July 1801
13
Saturday 1 August 1801
14
Sunday 2 August 1801
15
Monday 3 August 1801
16
Tuesday 4 August 1801
17
Wednesday 5 August 1801
18
Thursday 6 August 1801
19
Friday 7 August 1801
20
Saturday 8 August 1801
décade 33
21
Sunday 9 August 1801
22
Monday 10 August 1801
23
Tuesday 11 August 1801
24
Wednesday 12 August 1801
25
Thursday 13 August 1801
26
Friday 14 August 1801
27
Saturday 15 August 1801
28
Sunday 16 August 1801
29
Monday 17 August 1801
30
Tuesday 18 August 1801
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
10
Thermidor
X
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Tuesday 20 July 1802
2
Wednesday 21 July 1802
3
Thursday 22 July 1802
4
Friday 23 July 1802
5
Saturday 24 July 1802
6
Sunday 25 July 1802
7
Monday 26 July 1802
8
Tuesday 27 July 1802
9
Wednesday 28 July 1802
10
Thursday 29 July 1802
décade 32
11
Friday 30 July 1802
12
Saturday 31 July 1802
13
Sunday 1 August 1802
14
Monday 2 August 1802
15
Tuesday 3 August 1802
16
Wednesday 4 August 1802
17
Thursday 5 August 1802
18
Friday 6 August 1802
19
Saturday 7 August 1802
20
Sunday 8 August 1802
décade 33
21
Monday 9 August 1802
22
Tuesday 10 August 1802
23
Wednesday 11 August 1802
24
Thursday 12 August 1802
25
Friday 13 August 1802
26
Saturday 14 August 1802
27
Sunday 15 August 1802
28
Monday 16 August 1802
29
Tuesday 17 August 1802
30
Wednesday 18 August 1802
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
11
Thermidor
XI
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Wednesday 20 July 1803
2
Thursday 21 July 1803
3
Friday 22 July 1803
4
Saturday 23 July 1803
5
Sunday 24 July 1803
6
Monday 25 July 1803
7
Tuesday 26 July 1803
8
Wednesday 27 July 1803
9
Thursday 28 July 1803
10
Friday 29 July 1803
décade 32
11
Saturday 30 July 1803
12
Sunday 31 July 1803
13
Monday 1 August 1803
14
Tuesday 2 August 1803
15
Wednesday 3 August 1803
16
Thursday 4 August 1803
17
Friday 5 August 1803
18
Saturday 6 August 1803
19
Sunday 7 August 1803
20
Monday 8 August 1803
décade 33
21
Tuesday 9 August 1803
22
Wednesday 10 August 1803
23
Thursday 11 August 1803
24
Friday 12 August 1803
25
Saturday 13 August 1803
26
Sunday 14 August 1803
27
Monday 15 August 1803
28
Tuesday 16 August 1803
29
Wednesday 17 August 1803
30
Thursday 18 August 1803
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
12
Thermidor
XII
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Friday 20 July 1804
2
Saturday 21 July 1804
3
Sunday 22 July 1804
4
Monday 23 July 1804
5
Tuesday 24 July 1804
6
Wednesday 25 July 1804
7
Thursday 26 July 1804
8
Friday 27 July 1804
9
Saturday 28 July 1804
10
Sunday 29 July 1804
décade 32
11
Monday 30 July 1804
12
Tuesday 31 July 1804
13
Wednesday 1 August 1804
14
Thursday 2 August 1804
15
Friday 3 August 1804
16
Saturday 4 August 1804
17
Sunday 5 August 1804
18
Monday 6 August 1804
19
Tuesday 7 August 1804
20
Wednesday 8 August 1804
décade 33
21
Thursday 9 August 1804
22
Friday 10 August 1804
23
Saturday 11 August 1804
24
Sunday 12 August 1804
25
Monday 13 August 1804
26
Tuesday 14 August 1804
27
Wednesday 15 August 1804
28
Thursday 16 August 1804
29
Friday 17 August 1804
30
Saturday 18 August 1804
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
13
Thermidor
XIII
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Saturday 20 July 1805
2
Sunday 21 July 1805
3
Monday 22 July 1805
4
Tuesday 23 July 1805
5
Wednesday 24 July 1805
6
Thursday 25 July 1805
7
Friday 26 July 1805
8
Saturday 27 July 1805
9
Sunday 28 July 1805
10
Monday 29 July 1805
décade 32
11
Tuesday 30 July 1805
12
Wednesday 31 July 1805
13
Thursday 1 August 1805
14
Friday 2 August 1805
15
Saturday 3 August 1805
16
Sunday 4 August 1805
17
Monday 5 August 1805
18
Tuesday 6 August 1805
19
Wednesday 7 August 1805
20
Thursday 8 August 1805
décade 33
21
Friday 9 August 1805
22
Saturday 10 August 1805
23
Sunday 11 August 1805
24
Monday 12 August 1805
25
Tuesday 13 August 1805
26
Wednesday 14 August 1805
27
Thursday 15 August 1805
28
Friday 16 August 1805
29
Saturday 17 August 1805
30
Sunday 18 August 1805
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
14
Thermidor
XIV
Primidi
Duodi
Tridi
Quartidi
Quintidi
Sextidi
Septidi
Octidi
Nonidi
Décadi
décade 31
1
Sunday 20 July 1806
2
Monday 21 July 1806
3
Tuesday 22 July 1806
4
Wednesday 23 July 1806
5
Thursday 24 July 1806
6
Friday 25 July 1806
7
Saturday 26 July 1806
8
Sunday 27 July 1806
9
Monday 28 July 1806
10
Tuesday 29 July 1806
décade 32
11
Wednesday 30 July 1806
12
Thursday 31 July 1806
13
Friday 1 August 1806
14
Saturday 2 August 1806
15
Sunday 3 August 1806
16
Monday 4 August 1806
17
Tuesday 5 August 1806
18
Wednesday 6 August 1806
19
Thursday 7 August 1806
20
Friday 8 August 1806
décade 33
21
Saturday 9 August 1806
22
Sunday 10 August 1806
23
Monday 11 August 1806
24
Tuesday 12 August 1806
25
Wednesday 13 August 1806
26
Thursday 14 August 1806
27
Friday 15 August 1806
28
Saturday 16 August 1806
29
Sunday 17 August 1806
30
Monday 18 August 1806
10 h
Paris
8:76:86
Thermidor
21:02:41
24 h
Greenwich
Day name table
Like all French Republican Calendar months, Thermidor lasted 30 days and was divided into three 10-day weeks called décades (decades). Every day had the name of an agricultural plant, except the 5th (Quintidi) and 10th day (Decadi) of every decade, which had the name of a domestic animal or an agricultural tool, respectively.
Table for conversion between Republican and Gregorian Calendar for the month "Thermidor"
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
July
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
August
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
July
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
August
Thermidor in revolution
The Thermidorian Reaction, Revolution of Thermidor, or simply Thermidor refers to the coup of 9 Thermidor (27 July 1794) in which the Committee of Public Safety led by Maximilien Robespierre was sidelined and its leaders arrested and guillotined, resulting in the end of the Reign of Terror. The new regime, known as The Directory, introduced more conservative policies aimed at stabilizing the revolutionary government.
Consequently, for historians of revolutionary movements, the term Thermidor has come to mean the phase in some revolutions when the political pendulum swings back towards something resembling a pre-revolutionary state, and power slips from the hands of the original revolutionary leadership. Leon Trotsky, in his book The Revolution Betrayed, refers to the rise of Joseph Stalin and the accompanying post-revolutionary bureaucracy as the "Soviet Thermidor".
Thermidor in culture
The food Lobster Thermidor was named, directly or indirectly, after the month. Sometimes it is said that it was first prepared for Napoleon I during the month of Thermidor. Others[who?] say that it was created by Tony Girod at the Café de Paris, to celebrate the opening of a play called Thermidor.
Thermidor is the name of a story revolving around the end of the French Revolution in Neil Gaiman's The Sandman, issue #29.
"Thermidor" and "Thermidor 2" were lobster-like robots on Robot Wars.
There is a song recorded by J-pop artist Nana Mizuki by the name of "Thermidor". Its lyrics talk about a person in love that is also rethinking his or her personal feelings after realizing that the person they love has changed, and so has the person. Its lyrics mimic the modern definition of Thermidor.