Sula Malay

Sula Malay is a variety of Malay-based creole language which is generally used by multiethnic society in Sula Islands and Taliabu Island in the southwest part of North Maluku. The Sula Malay is heavily influenced by other languages, This can be found in loan words originating from Ambonese Malay and Dutch language can be found in Sula Malay. Some contraction vocabulary can also be found in this language, as is the case in North Moluccan Malay (Ternate Malay).^[2]

According to 2023 estimate, Sula Malay is spoken by at least 170,000 people in Sula Islands Regency and Taliabu Island Regency as both mother tongue and second language.^[1] This language is mainly spoken in Sanana, the capital of the Sula Islands.^[2]

Sula Malay has 19 consonants, 5 vowels, and 3 long vowels. Consonant clusters can also be found in Sula Malay, as found in Bacan Malay. The prefixes [man-], [ba(r)-], [pan-], [ta(r)-], and [kase-], as well as the reciprocal prefix [baku-] are also found in this language, which is also similar found in Ternate Malay. Diachronic research results show that Sula Malay has three retention vowels, namely /a/, /i/, and /u/, as well as two vowels resulting from joint innovation, namely /e/ and /o/.^[2]

• Malay trade and creole languages
• North Moluccan Malay
• Ambonese Malay
• Sula Islands Regency

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Languages of Indonesia

Western languages

Official language Indonesian Slang Malayo-Sumbawan Acehnese Bakongan Anambas-Natuna Malay Bacan Malay Balinese Bali Aga Nusa Penida Bamayo Bangka Malay Banjarese Batubara Malay Belitung Malay Bengkulu Berau Malay Besemah Bukit Col/Lembak Deli Malay Duano' Enim Haji Iban Mualang Seberuang Jambi Malay Jaring Halus Malay Kangean Kapuas Hulu Malay Kaur Kayong Malay Kendayan Keninjal Kerinci Ketapang Malay Kotawaringin Malay Kualuh Malay Kubu Kutainese Kota Bangun Tenggarong Landak Malay Langkat Malay Loncong Lubu Madurese Bawean Sapudi Minangkabau Jamee Kampar Kuantan Mukomuko Pesisir Melawi Malay Mempawah Malay Musi Lematang Palembang Penesak Penukal Rawas Ogan Palu Malay Panai Malay Pekal Pontianak Malay Riau Malay Coastal Riau Pangaraian Rokan Hilir Siak Tembilahan Sambas Malay Sanggau Malay Sasak Sekadau Malay Serdang Malay Semende Sintang Malay Sumbawa Sundanese Baduy Bantenese Brebes Priangan Tamiang Malay Javanesic Javanese Arekan Banyumasan Cirebonese Indramayu Osing Serang Tenggerese Kawi Celebic Andio Bada Bahonsuai Balaesang Balantak Banggai Batui Behoa Boano Bobongko Bonerate Bungku Busoa Cia-Cia Dampelas Dondo Kalao Kaili Kaimbulawa Kamaru Kodeoha Kulisusu Kumbewaha Lasalimu Laiyolo Lauje Liabuku Mbelala Moronene Mori Bawah Mori Atas Moma Muna Napu Padoe Pancana Pendau Rahambuu Rampi Saluan Sarudu Sedoa Pamona Taje Tajio Tukang Besi Tolaki Tomadino Topoiyo Tomini Totoli Uma Waru Wawonii Wolio Wotu Lampungic Komering Kayuagung Lampung Northwest Sumatra– Barrier Islands Batak Alas Angkola Dairi Karo Mandailing Simalungun Toba Enggano Gayo Mentawai Nias Simeulue Sikule South Sulawesi Aralle-Tabulahan Bambam Bentong Budong-Budong Buginese Campalagian Coastal Konjo Dakka Duri Embaloh Enrekang Highland Konjo Kalumpang Lemolang Maiwa Makassarese Malimpung Mamasa Mamuju Mandar Panasuan Pannei Selayar Seko Padang Seko Tengah Tae’ Talondo’ Taman Toraja-Sa’dan Ulumanda’ Barito Ampanang Bakumpai Bajaw Deyah Kohin Lawangan Ma'anyan Malang Ngaju Ot Danum Sama Ot Siang Tunjung Witu Pakau Kayan–Murik Aoheng Aput Bahau Hovongan Kayan Krio Modang Punan Merah Segai Land Dayak Bakati’ Biatah Bukar Sadong Jangkang Kembayan Laraʼ Nyadu’ Rejangese Ribun Sanggau Sara Semandang Beginci Gerai Tringgus North Bornean Bah-Biau Basap Bukat Bukitan Kelabit Kenyah Mainstream Lengilu Lun Bawang Murut Okolod Selungai Sembakung Tagol Punan Merap Punan Tubu Sa'ban Sajau Tidung Burusu Kalabakan Nonukan Philippine languages Central Philippine Tausug Gorontalo-Mongondow Bintauna Bolango Buol Gorontaloan Kaidipang Lolak Mongondow Ponosakan Suwawa Minahasan Tombulu Tondano Tonsawang Tonsea Tontemboan Sangiric Bantik Ratahan Sangir Talaud

Central-Eastern languages

Aru Barakai Batuley Dobel Karey Koba Kola-Kompane Lola Lorang Manombai Mariri Tarangan Ujir Central Maluku Alune Amahai Ambelau Asilulu Banda Bati Benggoi Boano Bobot Buru Geser Haruku Hulaliu Kailolo Pelauw Rohomoni-Kabauw Hitu Hoti † Huaulu Hukumina † Hulung † Kaibobo Kamarian † Kayeli Kowiai Laha Larike-Wakasihu Latu Liana-Seti Lisabata-Nuniali Lisela Loun † Luhu Mangole Manipa Manusela Masiwang Naka'ela Nuaulu Nusa Laut Paulohi Salas Saleman Saparua Seit-Kaitetu Sepa-Teluti Sula Taliabo Teor-Kur Tulehu Watubela Wemale Yalahatan Flores–Lembata Alorese Kedang Lamaholot Adonara Ile Ape Lamalera Lamatuka Levuka Lewo Eleng Lewotobi South Lembata West Lembata Sika Halmahera- Cenderawasih Ambai Ambel Ansus Arguni As Bedoanas Biak Biga Buli Busami Dusner Erokwanas Gane Irarutu Iresim Kuri Kurudu Maba Maden Matbat Ma'ya Munggui Marau Meoswar Mor Papuma Patani Pom Roon Sawai Serui-Laut Taba Tandia Wabo Wamesa Wandamen Waropen Woi Yaur Yeretuar Yeresiam Kei-Tanimbar Fordata Kei Onin Sekar Uruangnirin Yamdena Micronesian Mapia † Selaru Selaru Seluwasan Sumba–Flores Anakalangu Baliledo Bima Dhao Ende Gaura Hawu Kambera Kéo Kodi Komodo Lamboya Lio Mamboru Manggarai Nage Ngadha Palu'e Pondok Rajong Rembong Riung Rongga So'a Kepo' Wae Rana Wanukaka Wejewa Timor–Babar Amarasi Bekais Bilba Dai Dawera-Daweloor Dela-Oenale Dengka East Damar Emplawas Galoli Helong Imroing Kemak Kisar Leti Lole Luang Masela Nila North Babar Ringgou Romang Serili Serua Southeast Babar Tela'a Termanu Tetum Te'un Tii Uab Meto West Damar Welaun Wetar Western Oceanic Anus Bonggo Kayupulau Liki Masimasi Ormu Podena Kaptiau Sobei Tarpia Tobati Wakde Yamna

Papuan languages

North Halmahera Galela Gamkonora Kao Loloda Modole Pagu Sahu Tabaru Ternate Tidore Tobelo Togutil Waioli West Makian Timor–Alor–Pantar Abui Adang Blagar Bunak Kaera Kafoa Kamang Klon Kui Kula Nedebang Oirata Retta Sawila Teiwa Wersing Western Pantar Woisika Asmat–Mombum Buruwai Casuarina Coast Asmat Central Asmat North Asmat Citak Mombum Kamberau Kamoro Koneraw Sempan West Bird's Head Kalabra Kuwani Moi Moraid Seget Tehit South Bird's Head Arandai Dombano Duriankari Inanwatan Kaburi Kais Kemberano Kokoda Konda Kovojab Puragi Yahadian East Bird's Head Hatam Mansim Meyah Moskona Sougb West Bomberai Baham Iha Karas Dani Grand Valley Dani Hupla Nduga Nggem Silimo Walak Wano Western Dani Yali Paniai Lakes Auye Dao Ekari Moni Wolani Digul River Aghu Awbono Bayono Densar Edera Jair Kombai Komyandaret Korowai Mandobo Pisa Sawi Shiaxa Tsaukambo Wambon Foja Range Airoran Bagusa Berik Betaf Bonerif Dabe Dineor Edwas Gresi Isirawa Itik Kapori Kauwera Keijar Kemtuik Kwerba Kwerba Mamberamo Kwesten Kwinsu Mander Massep Mawes Mekwei Mlap Namblong Nimboran Orya Sause Oksapmin Samarokena Trimuris Vitou Lakes Plain Awera Biritai Doutai Duvle Eritai Fayu Foau Iau Kaiy Keuw Kirikiri Kwerisa Obokuitai Papasena Rasawa Sikaritai Tause Taworta Waritai East Cenderawasih Bay Baropasi Bauzi Burate Demisa Kofei Nisa-Anasi Sauri Tefaro Tunggare Woria Yawa Saweru Yawa Demta–Sentani Demta Nafri Sentani Tabla Ok Burumakok Faiwol Iwur Kopka Muyu Nakai Ngalum Ninggerum Tangko Tifal Yonggom Momuna–Mek Eipo Goliath Ketengban Kosarek Korupun Nalca Nipsan Somahai Skou Skou South Pauwasi Biksi-Yetfa Kembra Kimki Lepki Murkim East Pauwasi Emem Zorop West Pauwasi Namla Tebi Tofanma Towei Usku Kaure–Kosare Kaure Kosare Marind–Yaqai Bipim Marind Yaqay Bulaka River Maklew Yelmek Kayagar Atohwaim Kayagar Tamagario Border Awyi Elseng Taikat Manem Sowanda Viid Waris Senagi Dera Mairasi Mairasi Mer Semimi Kolopom Kimaghama Morori Ndom Riantana Yam Ngkolmpu Kanum Rema Smerki Tamer Yei Lower Mamberamo Warembori Yoke Others Abinomn Abun Amung Burmeso Dem Kanum Maklew Maybrat Molof Momina Mor Mpur Sumuri Tambora † Uhunduni

Other languages

Creoles and Pidgins Malay-based creoles Alor Malay Ambonese Malay Banda Malay Balinese Malay Betawi Gorap Gorontalo Malay Kupang Malay Larantuka Malay Manado Malay Makassar Malay Maumere Malay North Moluccan Malay Sula Malay Orang Pulo Papuan Malay Serui Malay Peranakan Surabayan Other creoles and pidgins Bidau Creole Portuguese † Flores Creole Portuguese † Javindo Mardijker † Petjo Pidgin Iha Pidgin Onin Portugis † Tansi Pidgin Tukang Besi Immigrant languages Chinese Cantonese Fuqing Fuzhounese Hainanese Hakka Haklau Hokkien Medan Riau Hinghwa Mandarin Teochew European Dutch English Portuguese Indian Bengali Gujarati Odia Pali Punjabi Sanskrit Sindhi Tamil Telugu Urdu Middle Eastern Arabic Indonesian Arabic Hadhrami Arabic Modern Standard Arabic Others Tagalog Filipino Japanese Korean Sign languages Indonesian Sign Languages Kata Kolok

† indicate extinct languages

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