Prosulfocarb

Weed control herbicide
Prosulfocarb[1][2]
Names
IUPAC name
S-Benzyl N,N-dipropylcarbamothioate
Other names
Prosulfocarb
Identifiers
CAS Number
  • 52888-80-9
ECHA InfoCard 100.100.363 Edit this at Wikidata
PubChem CID
  • 62020
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
  • DTXSID3058119 Edit this at Wikidata
Properties
Chemical formula
 C14H21NOS
Molar mass 251.39 g·mol−1
Appearance Colourless - pale yellow
Odor Aromatic
Density 1049 kg/m3[1]
Melting point -20 °C[3]
Boiling point 341 °C[3]
Solubility in water
 Insoluble[3]
Solubility in xylene Soluble[3]
Solubility in acetone Soluble[3]
Solubility in heptane Soluble[3]
Solubility in ethyl acetate Soluble[3]
Vapor pressure 0.79 mPa[3]
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS08: Health hazardGHS09: Environmental hazard
Warning
H227, H302, H317, H335, H371, H373, H401
Flash point 167.1 °C[1]
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references
Chemical compound

Prosulfocarb is a pre-emergent herbicide used agriculturally in Australia, the EU, Morocco[3] and Iran, for control of annual ryegrass and toad rush in wheat and barley crops.[4] It was introduced to the EU in 1988 and is rapidly growing in use, with sales increasing by over 500% in France since 2008.[5]

Prosulfocarb is a thiocarbamate, and is absorbed by the roots of germinating seedlings to inhibit growth in the meristem by inhibiting fat synthesis.[6]

Application

To target annual ryegrass, 2.5L/ha (of 800 g/L emulsifiable concentrate) is prepared and sprayed before sowing. It can be applied to barley post-emergence, but if applied wrongly may cause crop damage.[7] Prosulfocarb does not need much moisture to be applied efficably, due to low volatility.[8]

Prosulfocarb is often applied alongside s-Metolachlor and pyroxasulfone, or in Australia with trifluralin, with which it more efficiently circumvents weed resistance.[9]

Safety and Environmental Effect

Prosulfocarb's LD50 toxicity is 1820 mg/kg orally for rats,[2] which is comparable to paracetamol. The human toxicological effect is low.[5] Prosulfocarb itself is not a combustible, but formulations can be due to other components. (e.g. solvent naphtha)[10] Prosulfocarb is an irritant.[3]

Prosulfocarb is toxic to aquatic organisms; it is mandatory in Australia not to spray it within 20 metres upwind of aquatic or wetland areas or to apply by air. Nor if heavy rain is expected, to prevent runoff.[6] It is not persistent in soil, with a halflife of 35 days. Prosulfocarb bioaccumulates, and has slight mobility in soil.[10]

Production

Global herbicide production is in TGAC form, typically 95-98% purity, whence it is shipped and locally formulated into commercially practical formulations, often in the USA, Japan, China, and India, the top four global agrochemical producers.[11] Hermani, in Bharuch, India, has the capacity for 5000 tonnes of technical per year; Punjab Chemicals, in Dera Bassi, another 3000;[12] Weifang Sino-Agri, China, another 1000 tonnes per year.[13]

Trade Names

  • Prosulfocarb
  • Profuse
  • Arcade
  • Countdown
  • Defy
  • Boxer Gold (combination with s-Metolachlor)
  • Dian

References

  1. ^ a b c "Prosulfocarb SDS" (PDF). ChemicalBook. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Prosulfocarb Standard SDS" (PDF). FujiFilm. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Prosulfocarb (Ref: SC 0574)". Pesticide Properties DataBase. Retrieved 8 August 2024.
  4. ^ "Prosulfocarb 800 Label" (PDF). GenFarm. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  5. ^ a b Devault, Damnien; Guillemin, Jean-Philippe; Maurice, Millet; Eymery, Frank (January 2022). "Prosulfocarb at center stage!". Environmental Science and Pollution Research. doi:10.1007/s11356-019-06928-8. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  6. ^ a b "4Farmers Australia Prosulfocarb Leaflet" (PDF). 4Farmers Australia. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  7. ^ "4Farmers Prosulfocarb 800 EC Infosheet" (PDF). 4Farmers Australia. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  8. ^ "Australia - Give your barley growers value through efficacy and flexibility in ARG control". Grainews.
  9. ^ Kleemann, Samuel G. L.; Preston, Christopher; Gill, Gurjeet S. (2014). "Influence of Seeding System Disturbance on Preplant Incorporated Herbicide Control of Rigid Ryegrass (Lolium rigidum) in Wheat in Southern Australia" (PDF). Weed Technology (28): 323–331. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  10. ^ a b "4Farmers Prosulfocarb Herbicide Safety Data Sheet" (PDF). 4farmers.com.au. 4Farmers Australia. Retrieved 5 August 2024.
  11. ^ "22 active ingredient patents to expire by 2030: What it means for Indian agrochemical companies". Grainews.
  12. ^ "Will India's Herbicide Boom Year Continue?". Grainews.
  13. ^ "Weifang Sino-Agri Union's 1,000-tons prosulfocarb technical project completed". Grainews.
  • Prosulfocarb in the Pesticide Properties DataBase (PPDB)
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