Neurogenin-2

Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens

NEUROG2

Identifiers

Aliases

NEUROG2, Atoh4, Math4A, NGN2, bHLHa8, ngn-2, neurogenin 2

External IDs

OMIM: 606624; MGI: 109619; HomoloGene: 7633; GeneCards: NEUROG2; OMA:NEUROG2 - orthologs

Gene location (Human)

Chr.	Chromosome 4 (human)^[1]

Band	4q25	Start	112,513,516 bp^[1]
Band	4q25	End	112,516,180 bp^[1]

Gene location (Mouse)

Chr.	Chromosome 3 (mouse)^[2]

Band	3\|3 G2	Start	127,426,784 bp^[2]
Band	3\|3 G2	End	127,429,280 bp^[2]

RNA expression pattern

Bgee

Human

Mouse (ortholog)

Top expressed in

ganglionic eminence

ventricular zone

gonad

right hemisphere of cerebellum

putamen

amygdala

caudate nucleus

hippocampus proper

prefrontal cortex

anterior cingulate cortex

Top expressed in

ventricular zone

rhombic lip

fossa

urethra

ganglion of neuraxis

ganglionic eminence

pretectal area

neural crest

condyle

zona limitans intrathalamica

More reference expression data

BioGPS

n/a

Gene ontology
Molecular function	DNA binding E-box binding protein dimerization activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
Cellular component	nucleus
Biological process	multicellular organism development nervous system development regulation of transcription, DNA-templated positive regulation of DNA-binding transcription factor activity neuron differentiation cell differentiation transcription, DNA-templated regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO

Orthologs

Species

Human

Mouse

Entrez


63973


11924

Ensembl


ENSG00000178403


ENSMUSG00000027967

UniProt


Q9H2A3


P70447

RefSeq (mRNA)


NM_024019


NM_009718

RefSeq (protein)


NP_076924


NP_033848

Location (UCSC)

Chr 4: 112.51 – 112.52 Mb

Chr 3: 127.43 – 127.43 Mb

PubMed search

^[3]

^[4]

Wikidata

View/Edit Human

View/Edit Mouse

Neurogenin-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NEUROG2 gene.^[5]

Neurogenin-2 is a member of the neurogenin subfamily of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor genes that play an important role in neurogenesis.^[6]

It has been found to reprogram astrocytes to glutamergic neurons when expressed.^[7]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000178403 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ ^a ^b ^c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027967 – Ensembl, May 2017
^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
^ "Entrez Gene: neurogenin 2".
^ Heng JI, Nguyen L, Castro DS, Zimmer C, Wildner H, Armant O, et al. (September 2008). "Neurogenin 2 controls cortical neuron migration through regulation of Rnd2". Nature. 455 (7209): 114–118. Bibcode:2008Natur.455..114H. doi:10.1038/nature07198. PMID 18690213. S2CID 2813030.
^ Liu F, Zhang Y, Chen F, Yuan J, Li S, Han S, et al. (March 2021). "Neurog2 directly converts astrocytes into functional neurons in midbrain and spinal cord". Cell Death & Disease. 12 (3): 225. doi:10.1038/s41419-021-03498-x. PMC 7921562. PMID 33649354.

Gradwohl G, Fode C, Guillemot F (November 1996). "Restricted expression of a novel murine atonal-related bHLH protein in undifferentiated neural precursors". Developmental Biology. 180 (1): 227–241. doi:10.1006/dbio.1996.0297. PMID 8948587.
Simmons AD, Horton S, Abney AL, Johnson JE (January 2001). "Neurogenin2 expression in ventral and dorsal spinal neural tube progenitor cells is regulated by distinct enhancers". Developmental Biology. 229 (2): 327–339. doi:10.1006/dbio.2000.9984. PMID 11203697.
Kumar M, Bagchi B, Gupta SK, Meena AS, Gressens P, Mani S (August 2007). "Neurospheres derived from human embryoid bodies treated with retinoic Acid show an increase in nestin and ngn2 expression that correlates with the proportion of tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells". Stem Cells and Development. 16 (4): 667–681. doi:10.1089/scd.2006.0115. PMID 17784840.
Deng S, Deng H, Le W, Xu H, Yang H, Deng X, et al. (January 2010). "Genetic analysis of the NEUROG2 gene in patients with Parkinson's disease". Neuroscience Letters. 468 (3): 195–197. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2009.10.078. PMID 19879328. S2CID 27698762.
Park CH, Kang JS, Yoon EH, Shim JW, Suh-Kim H, Lee SH (March 2008). "Proneural bHLH neurogenin 2 differentially regulates Nurr1-induced dopamine neuron differentiation in rat and mouse neural precursor cells in vitro". FEBS Letters. 582 (5): 537–542. Bibcode:2008FEBSL.582..537P. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2008.01.018. PMID 18242186. S2CID 33390799.
Fode C, Gradwohl G, Morin X, Dierich A, LeMeur M, Goridis C, et al. (March 1998). "The bHLH protein NEUROGENIN 2 is a determination factor for epibranchial placode-derived sensory neurons". Neuron. 20 (3): 483–494. doi:10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80989-7. PMID 9539123. S2CID 16790307.

Transcription factors and intracellular receptors

(1) Basic domains

(1.1) Basic leucine zipper (bZIP)

Activating transcription factor
- AATF
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
AP-1
- c-Fos
- FOSB
- FOSL1
- FOSL2
- JDP2
- c-Jun
- JUNB
- JunD
BACH
- 1
- 2
BATF
BLZF1
C/EBP
- α
- β
- γ
- δ
- ε
- ζ
CREB
- 1
- 3
- L1
CREM
DBP
DDIT3
GABPA
GCN4
HLF
MAF
- B
- F
- G
- K
NFE
- 2
- L1
- L2
- L3
NFIL3
NRL
NRF
- 1
- 2
- 3
XBP1

(1.2) Basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH)

Group A	AS-C ASCL1 ASCL2 ATOH1 HAND 1 2 MESP2 Myogenic regulatory factors MyoD Myogenin MYF5 MYF6 NeuroD 1 2 Neurogenins 1 2 3 OLIG 1 2 Paraxis TCF15 Scleraxis SLC LYL1 TAL 1 2 Twist
Group B	FIGLA Myc c-Myc l-Myc n-Myc MXD4 TCF4
Group C bHLH-PAS	AhR AHRR ARNT ARNTL ARNTL2 CLOCK HIF 1A EPAS1 3A NPAS 1 2 3 PER 1 2 3 Period SIM 1 2
Group D	BHLH 2 3 9 Pho4 ID 1 2 3 4
Group E	HES 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 HEY 1 2 L
Group F bHLH-COE	EBF1

(1.3) bHLH-ZIP

AP-4
MAX
- MXD1
- MXD3
MITF
MNT
MLX
MLXIPL
MXI1
Myc
SREBP
- 1
- 2
USF1

(1.4) NF-1

NFI
- A
- B
- C
- X
SMAD
- R-SMAD
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 5
  - 9
- I-SMAD
  - 6
  - 7
- 4)

(1.5) RF-X

RFX
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- ANK

(1.6) Basic helix-span-helix (bHSH)

AP-2
- α
- β
- γ
- δ
- ε

(2) Zinc finger DNA-binding domains

(2.1) Nuclear receptor (Cys₄)

subfamily 1	Thyroid hormone α β CAR FXR LXR α β PPAR α β/δ γ PXR RAR α β γ ROR α β γ Rev-ErbA α β VDR
subfamily 2	COUP-TF (I II Ear-2 HNF4 α γ PNR RXR α β γ Testicular receptor 2 4 TLX
subfamily 3	Steroid hormone Androgen Estrogen α β Glucocorticoid Mineralocorticoid Progesterone Estrogen related α β γ
subfamily 4	NUR NGFIB NOR1 NURR1
subfamily 5	LRH-1 SF1
subfamily 6	GCNF
subfamily 0	DAX1 SHP

(2.2) Other Cys₄

GATA
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
MTA
- 1
- 2
- 3
TRPS1

(2.3) Cys₂His₂

General transcription factors
- TFIIA
- TFIIB
- TFIID
- TFIIE
  - 1
  - 2
- TFIIF
- 1
- 2
  - TFIIH
  - 1
  - 2
  - 4
  - 2I
  - 3A
  - 3C1
  - 3C2

ATBF1
BCL
- 6
- 11A
- 11B
CTCF
E4F1
EGR
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
ERV3
GFI1
GLI family
- 1
- 2
- 3
- REST
- S1
- S2
- YY1
HIC
- 1
- 2
HIVEP
- 1
- 2
- 3
IKZF
- 1
- 2
- 3
ILF
- 2
- 3
Sp/KLF family
- KLF
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 4
  - 5
  - 6
  - 7
  - 8
  - 9
  - 10
  - 11
  - 12
  - 13
  - 14
  - 15
  - 17
- SP
  - 1
  - 2
  - 4
  - 7
  - 8
MTF1
MYT1
OSR1
PRDM9
SALL
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
TSHZ3
WT1
Zbtb7
- 7A
- 7B
ZBTB
- 11
- 16
- 17
- 20
- 21
- 32
- 33
- 40
zinc finger
- 3
- 7
- 9
- 10
- 19
- 22
- 24
- 33B
- 34
- 35
- 41
- 43
- 44
- 51
- 74
- 143
- 146
- 148
- 165
- 202
- 217
- 219
- 238
- 239
- 259
- 267
- 268
- 281
- 300
- 318
- 330
- 346
- 350
- 365
- 366
- 384
- 423
- 451
- 452
- 471
- 593
- 638
- 644
- 649
- 655
- 804A

(2.4) Cys₆

HIVEP1

(2.5) Alternating composition

AIRE
DIDO1
GRLF1
ING
- 1
- 2
- 4
JARID
- 1A
- 1B
- 1C
- 1D
- 2
JMJD1B

(2.6) WRKY

WRKY

(3) Helix-turn-helix domains

(3.1) Homeodomain

Antennapedia
ANTP class

protoHOX Hox-like	ParaHox Gsx 1 2 Xlox PDX1 Cdx 1 2 4 extended Hox: Evx1 Evx2 MEOX1 MEOX2 Homeobox A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A7 A9 A10 A11 A13 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B13 C4 C5 C6 C8 C9 C10 C11 C12 C13 D1 D3 D4 D8 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 GBX1 GBX2 MNX1
metaHOX NK-like	BARHL1 BARHL2 BARX1 BARX2 BSX DBX 1 2 DLX 1 2 3 4 5 6 EMX 1 2 EN 1 2 HHEX HLX LBX1 LBX2 MSX 1 2 NANOG NKX 2-1 2-2 2-3 2-5 3-1 3-2 HMX1 HMX2 HMX3 6-1 6-2 NATO TLX1 TLX2 TLX3 VAX1 VAX2

other

ARX
CRX
CUTL1
FHL
- 1
- 2
- 3
HESX1
HOPX
LMX
- 1A
- 1B
NOBOX
TALE
- IRX
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 4
  - 5
  - 6
  - MKX
- MEIS
  - 1
  - 2
- PBX
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
- PKNOX
  - 1
  - 2
- SIX
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3
  - 4
  - 5
PHF
- 1
- 3
- 6
- 8
- 10
- 16
- 17
- 20
- 21A
POU domain
- PIT-1
- BRN-3: A
- B
- C
- Octamer transcription factor: 1
- 2
- 3/4
- 6
- 7
- 11
SATB2
ZEB
- 1
- 2

(3.2) Paired box

PAX
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
- 9
PRRX
- 1
- 2
PROP1
PHOX
- 2A
- 2B
RAX
SHOX
SHOX2
VSX1
VSX2
Bicoid
- GSC
- BICD2
- OTX
  - 1
  - 2
- PITX
  - 1
  - 2
  - 3

(3.3) Fork head / winged helix

E2F
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
FOX proteins
- A1
- A2
- A3
- B1
- B2
- C1
- C2
- D1
- D2
- D3
- D4
- D4L1
- D4L3
- D4L4
- D4L5
- D4L6
- E1
- E3
- F1
- F2
- G1
- H1
- I1
- I2
- I3
- J1
- J2
- J3
- K1
- K2
- L1
- L2
- M1
- N1
- N2
- N3
- N4
- O1
- O3
- O4
- O6
- P1
- P2
- P3
- P4
- Q1
- R1
- R2
- S1

(3.4) Heat shock factors

HSF
- 1
- 2
- 4

(3.5) Tryptophan clusters

ELF
- 2
- 4
- 5
EGF
ELK
- 1
- 3
- 4
ERF
ETS
- 1
- 2
- ERG
- SPIB
ETV
- 1
- 4
- 5
- 6
FLI1
Interferon regulatory factors
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5
- 6
- 7
- 8
MYB
MYBL2

(3.6) TEA domain

transcriptional enhancer factor
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4

(4) β-Scaffold factors with minor groove contacts

(4.1) Rel homology region	NF-κB NFKB1 NFKB2 REL RELA RELB NFAT C1 C2 C3 C4 5
(4.2) STAT	STAT 1 2 3 4 5 6
(4.3) p53-like	p53 p63 p73 family p53 TP63 p73 TBX 1 2 3 5 19 21 22 TBR1 TBR2 TFT MYRF
(4.4) MADS box	Mef2 A B C D SRF
(4.6) TATA-binding proteins	TBP TBPL1
(4.7) High-mobility group	BBX HMGB 1 2 3 4 HMGN 1 2 3 4 HNF 1A 1B SOX 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 21 SRY SSRP1 TCF/LEF TCF 1 3 4 LEF1 TOX 1 2 3 4
(4.9) Grainyhead	TFCP2
(4.10) Cold-shock domain	CSDA YBX1
(4.11) Runt	CBF CBFA2T2 CBFA2T3 RUNX1 RUNX2 RUNX3 RUNX1T1

(0) Other transcription factors

(0.2) HMGI(Y)	HMGA 1 2 HBP1
(0.3) Pocket domain	Rb RBL1 RBL2
(0.5) AP-2/EREBP-related factors	Apetala 2 EREBP B3
(0.6) Miscellaneous	ARID 1A 1B 2 3A 3B 4A CAP IFI 16 35 MLL 2 3 T1 MNDA NFY A B C Rho/Sigma