List of shipwrecks in April 1864
The list of shipwrecks in April 1864 includes ships sunk, foundered, grounded, or otherwise lost during April 1864.
April 1864 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mon | Tue | Wed | Thu | Fri | Sat | Sun |
1 | 2 | 3 | ||||
4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 |
11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 |
18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 |
25 | 26 | 27 | 28 | 29 | 30 | |
Unknown date | ||||||
References |
1 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Arlington | ![]() | The barque was wrecked on North Bimini, Bahamas. She was on a voyage from Portland, Maine to Havana, Cuba.[1][2] |
Fair Haven | ![]() | The 474-ton screw steamer was stranded at Cape Henry, Virginia.[3] |
Key West No. 4 | ![]() | The sternwheel paddle steamer struck a snag and sank in the Arkansas River at Paw Paw Landing, 20 nautical miles (37 km) downstream of Little Rock, Arkansas.[4] |
Maple Leaf | ![]() | American Civil War: The 508-ton sidewheel paddle steamer, a transport carrying baggage of the 13th Indiana Infantry Regiment, 112th New York Infantry Regiment, and 169th New York Infantry Regiment (all ![]() ![]() |
Tahiti | ![]() | The ship was wrecked on Harbour Island, Bahamas. She was on a voyage from New York to Havana, Cuba.[2] |
Zambezi | ![]() | The barque was wrecked on Bimini. She was on a voyage from Portland to Matanzas, Cuba.[1][9][2] |
2 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Hoang Ho | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore in the Saltee Islands, County Wexford. She was on a voyage from Greenock, Renfrewshire to Singapore, Straits Settlements and Penang, Malaya. She was later refloated and put in to Liverpool, Lancashire.[10] |
Jackson | ![]() | The 84-ton sternwheel paddle steamer burned at New Orleans, Louisiana.[11] |
Rosalie Camilla | ![]() | The schooner collided with another vessel and foundered in the North Sea off Hartlepool, County Durham. Her crew were rescued by the ketch Alma (![]() |
3 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Brazilian | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore on Lady Isle, in the Firth of Clyde. She was on a voyage from Troon, Ayrshire to Copenhagen, Denmark. She was refloated and towed back to Troon.[15] |
Florence Nightingale | ![]() | The steamship was run down and sunk by the steamship Admiral (![]() ![]() |
HMS Magpie | ![]() | The Dapper-class gunboat was wrecked on the west coast of Ireland. All on board survived.[19] |
Ravenna | ![]() | The barque was driven ashore at Cape Henry, Virginia, Confederate States of America. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Baltimore, Maryland, United States.[20][21] |
4 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Maid of the Yare | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore at Lydd, Kent. She was on a voyage from Caen, Calvados to the River Tyne. She was refloated and resumed her voyage.[14] |
Matilda | ![]() | The 390-register ton screw steamer ran aground and sank off Lundy Island, Devon, United Kingdom. All 31 people on board were rescued. She was on a voyage from Cardiff, Glamorgan, United Kingdom to Bermuda.[22][23] |
Zephyr | ![]() | The ship ran aground on the Longsand, in the North Sea off toe coast of Essex, United Kingdom. She was on a voyage from Gothenburg to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She was refloated with the assistance of five smacks and put in to Harwich, Essex.[16][17] |
5 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Acorn | ![]() | The schooner was driven ashore in the Belfast Lough. She was refloated on 8 April and beached at Bangor, County Down in a severely damaged condition.[24] |
Appoline | ![]() | The ship ran aground in Granville Bay, Bermuda. She was later refloated and taken in to Saint Thomas, Virgin Islands, where she arrived on 8 May in a leaky condition.[25] |
Doris | ![]() | The brigantine was wrecked on the Dulas Rocks, on the coasts of Anglesey. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Zierikzee, Zeeland, Netherlands.[26][27] She was towed in to Amlwch, Anglesey in a waterlogged condition on 9 April.[28] |
H. B. B. | ![]() | The lugger collided with Princess Victoria (![]() |
Jo Jacques | ![]() | The 34-ton sternwheel paddle steamer sank in the Ohio River at Metropolis, after colliding with General Anderson (Flag unknown).[29] |
New Falls City | ![]() | American Civil War: Confederate forces sank the 880-ton sidewheel paddle steamer as a blockship in the Red River of the South in Louisiana at the foot of Scopern's Cutoff, 1 nautical mile (1.9 km) upstream of Loggy Bayou.[30] |
Royal Stuart | ![]() | The ship was wrecked in the Torres Strait. She was on a voyage from Auckland, New Zealand to Madras, India.[31] |
Sultana | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore and wrecked 10 nautical miles (19 km) south of Barnegat, New Jersey, United States. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Newport, Monmouthshire to New York, United States.[20] |
6 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Mynore | ![]() | The steamship was wrecked at Georges Head. All on board were rescued. She was on a voyage from Moruya to Sydney.[32] |
Priscilla | ![]() | The ship was lost in the Weser. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from South Shields, County Durham to Bremerhaven.[33][34] |
7 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Royal Tar | ![]() | The steamship was wrecked in Carmarthen Bay. She was on a voyage from Newport, Monmouthshire to Liverpool.[26][27] |
Thistle | ![]() | The brig ran aground on Seedy's Bank, off the coast of County Waterford.[24] |
Viceroy | ![]() | The brigantine collided with the steamship Wonga Wonga (![]() |
8 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Caledonia | ![]() | The steamship was wrecked on Spectacle Island, United States. She was on a voyage from Halifax, Nova Scotia, British North America to Bermuda.[35][36] |
Janet Cowan | ![]() | The ship was wrecked on St Kilda. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from Calcutta, India to Dundee, Forfarshire.[37] |
Lily | ![]() | The oyster cutter collided with a brig and foundered in the English Channel 20 nautical miles (37 km) north of Fécamp, Seine-Inférieure. Her crew were rescued.[38] |
HMS Magpie | ![]() | The Dapper-class gunboat was wrecked in Galway Bay.[39] |
Star | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore in Luce Bay. She was on a voyage from Liverpool, Lancashire to Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland. She was refloated the next day and resumed her voyage.[40] |
9 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Hero | ![]() | The ship sprang a leak and was beached at Montrose, Forfarshire. She was on a voyage from Middlesbrough, Yorkshire to the Firth of Tay.[34] |
Star | ![]() | The full-rigged ship was driven ashore in Drumor Bay. She was being towed from Liverpool, Lancashire to Troon, Ayrshire. She was refloated and towed in to Troon.[34] |
Windau | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore at "Wiken", Sweden. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Riga. She was refloated and resumed her voyage.[41][42] |
11 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Belfast | ![]() | The ship departed from Liverpool, Lancashire for San Francisco, California, United States. No further trace, presumed foundered with the loss of all hands.[43] |
Cornelia | ![]() | The barque ran aground on the Pratas Shoal. She was on a voyage from Shanghai, China to New York, United States. She was refloated on 18 April with the assistance of the steamship Chanticleer (![]() |
Dash | ![]() | The ship was wrecked on Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia, British North America. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Cienfuegos, Cuba to Saint John's, Newfoundland, British North America.[45] |
Flora | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore at Lindisfarne, Northumberland.[46] She was on a voyage from Middlesbrough, Yorkshire to Leith, Lothian. She was refloated on 14 April and taken in to Lindisfarne.[38] |
Garo | ![]() | The schooner ran aground in the River Tyne. She was on a voyage from Aberdeen to North Shields, Northumberland. She was refloated and taken in to North Shields.[34] |
12 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Able Seaman | ![]() | The ship was holed by ice and sank in the Gulf of Saint Lawrence. Her crew took to boats; they were rescued on 17 April by the schooner Wide Awake (![]() |
Adams | ![]() | American Civil War: The steamer, carrying a cargo of United States Army quartermaster′s stores and ammunition, collided with the steamer Chippewa (![]() |
Honesty | ![]() | The Mersey Flat collided with the steamboat Wild Rose (![]() |
La Crosse | ![]() | American Civil War: The 186-ton sternwheel or screw steamer burned at Egg Bend, Louisiana.[49] |
13 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Air | ![]() | The schooner collided with the steamship John Liddel (![]() |
Dapper | ![]() | The ship collided with City of Paris (![]() |
Rosina | ![]() | American Civil War, Union blockade: The sloop was forced aground off San Luis Pass, Texas, by the armed screw steamer USS Virginia (![]() |
14 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Enterprise | ![]() | The barque was run into by the schooner Joan and san in the River Thames with the loss of three of her crew. She was on a voyage from London to Saint Vincent.[53] |
Garland | ![]() | The ship ran aground on the Cross Sand, in the North Sea off the coast of Norfolk. She was on a voyage from Calcutta, India to Dundee, Forfarshire. She was refloated and taken in to Lowestoft, Suffolk in a leaky condition.[54][42] |
Renski Hoortjes | ![]() | The ship struck rocks on the coast of Northumberland, United Kingdom and sank. She was on a voyage from Harlingen, Friesland to the River Tyne.[42] |
William and Catherine | ![]() | The ship was wrecked at Rilledge Point, Devon. She was on a voyage from Cardiff, Glamorgan to Ilfracombe, Devon.[42] |
Unidentified sloop | ![]() | American Civil War: The sloop was captured and destroyed on the Nansemond River in Virginia by crew members of the gunboat Reno (![]() ![]() |
15 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
USS Eastport | ![]() | American Civil War, Red River Campaign: The ironclad ram was sunk by a Confederate mine on the Red River of the South in Louisiana, Confederate States of America. She was destroyed on 26 April to prevent her capture by Confederate forces. |
Emma | ![]() | The sealing ship, Captain Gavill, foundered in the Arctic Ocean off Jan Mayen, Norway (70°10′N 14°00′W / 70.167°N 14.000°W / 70.167; -14.000). Her crew were rescued by the whaler Elise (![]() |
Mantura | ![]() | The barque was driven ashore at St. Mawes Castle, Cornwall. She was on a voyage from Falmouth, Cornwall to Cork. She was refloated with the assistance of a tug.[50] |
16 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
General Hunter | ![]() | American Civil War: The transport struck a Confederate mine near Mandarin Point in the St. Johns River in the vicinity of Jacksonville, Florida, Confederate States of America, and sank with the loss of one life.[5][58] |
17 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Lecompte | ![]() | The 250-ton sidewheel paddle steamer struck a snag and sank in the Red River of the South 10 nautical miles (19 km) upstream of Campti, Louisiana, Confederate States of America.[59] |
18 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Alma | ![]() | The ship was scuttled in the Atlantic Ocean 75 nautical miles (139 km) west of the Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom. Her fourteen crew were rescued by the full-rigged ship Helene (![]() |
Bombshell | ![]() | American Civil War: The armed transport tug was sunk by Confederate artillery batteries in North Carolina, either in Albemarle Sound or on the Roanoke River at a dock in Plymouth, North Carolina, Confederate States of America (sources disagree). The Confederates raised and repaired her and placed in service as the gunboat CSS Bombshell. Union forces recaptured her on 5 May 1864.[61][62] |
Buston Vale | ![]() | The ship ran aground at Kurrachee, India. She was on a voyage from Kurrachee to London. She was refloated'.[63] |
Good Hope | ![]() | American Civil War, Union blockade: Carrying a cargo of salt and dry goods, the ca. 150-ton schooner was captured and burned at the mouth of the Homosassa River in Florida by the schooner USS Fox (![]() |
Vigilante | ![]() | The ship sank off the Minquiers, Channel Islands. She was on a voyage from Saint-Malo, Ille-et-Vilaine to Jersey, Channel Islands.[41] |
19 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Corea | ![]() | The barque ran aground on Taylor's Bank, in Liverpool Bay. She was on a voyage from Laguna to Liverpool, Lancashire and Saint Petersburg, Russia. She was refloated the next day and towed in to Liverpool.[64][65] |
Falls City | ![]() | The 183-ton sternwheel paddle steamer foundered in Loggy Bayou in Louisiana, Confederate States of America.[66] |
HMS Flamer | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore on the coast of China. Subsequently refloated, repaired and returned to service.[19] |
Samuel Dunning | ![]() | The full-rigged ship foundered with the loss of 25 her 31 crew. Survivors were rescued by Chariot of Fame (![]() |
USS Southfield | ![]() | ![]() ![]() |
20 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
HMS Wanderer | ![]() | The gunvessel was driven ashore at "Cape Passer". Subsequently refloated, repaired and returned to service.[19] |
21 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Integrity | ![]() | The barque foundered in the Atlantic Ocean off Lisbon, Portugal. Her ten crew were rescued by the brig Sisters (![]() |
Loochoo | ![]() | The barque was wrecked in the Yangtze Kiang. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Ardrossan, Ayrshire to Shanghai, China.[73] |
22 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Christine | ![]() | The ship sprang a leak and foundered in the North Sea 24 nautical miles (44 km) east north east of Scarborough, Yorkshire. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Middlesbrough, Yorkshire to Valencia, Spain.[35] |
USS Petrel | ![]() | American Civil War: After being disabled in combat with Confederate forces on the Yazoo River near Yazoo City, Mississippi, Confederate States of America, the tinclad wooden paddle steamer was captured by the Confederates, stripped of her guns and stores, and burned. |
23 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Benledi | ![]() | The ship was wrecked on a reef off Nassau, Bahamas. She was on a voyage from Glasgow, Renfrewshire to Nassau.[2] |
Christine | ![]() | The ship foundered in the North Sea 24 nautical miles (44 km) east north east of Scarborough, Yorkshire, United Kingdom. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Middlesbrough, Yorkshire to Valencia, Spain.[74] |
Hastings | ![]() | The 191-ton sternwheel paddle steamer struck a snag and sank in the Red River of the South at Alexandria, Louisiana.[75] |
Janet | ![]() | The smack was wrecked at Coleraine, County Londonderry. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Glasgow, Renfrewshire to Coleraine.[76][51] |
Rockingham | ![]() | American Civil War: The 976-ton full-rigged ship, carrying a cargo of guano from Callao, Peru, to Cork, United Kingdom, was captured, used for gunnery practice, and then burned in the Atlantic Ocean west of the Cape Verde Islands (approximately 15°53′N 31°44′W / 15.883°N 31.733°W / 15.883; -31.733 (Rockingham)) by the screw sloop-of-war CSS Alabama (![]() |
Sola | ![]() | The schooner was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew were rescued by Lady Butt (![]() |
Vixen | ![]() | The paddle tug ran aground and sank in the Clyde.[80] |
Woodbine | ![]() | The ship was destroyed by fire at Marianople, Russia. Two of her crew were severely wounded.[35] |
24 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Crescent | ![]() | The schooner collided with Queen of the South (![]() |
Elizabeth Wilthew Green | ![]() | The ship ran aground on the Goodwin Sands, Kent. She was on a voyage from Sunderland, County Durham to Saint-Nazaire, Loire-Inférieure, France. She was refloated with the assistance of a tug and towed in to Ramsgate, Kent in a leaky condition.[74] |
Woodbine | ![]() | The ship was destroyed by fire at Marianople, Russia. Her crew were rescued, but two of them were severely burned.[36][74] |
Unnamed | ![]() | The barque was wrecked at Cape Quitate, 4 nautical miles (7.4 km) east of Al Hoceima, Morocco with the loss of three of her ten crew.[82][83] |
25 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Agnes and Mary | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore at Coleraine, County Londonderry.[76] |
Magog | ![]() | The ship ran aground in the River Tay. She was refloated and put back to Dundee, Forfarshire.[80] |
26 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Champion No. 3 | ![]() | American Civil War, Red River Campaign: Transporting freed African-American slaves, the 195-ton sidewheel tug and pump steamer was wrecked on the Red River of the South 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) upstream of the mouth of the Cane River when a shell fired by the St. Mary's Cannoneers Louisiana Artillery Regiment exploded in her boiler, scalding to death 177 of the 192 people on board, including 172 freed slaves. Confederate forces then sank her wreck in the river as a blockship.[84][85] |
Homer | ![]() | American Civil War: The sidewheel paddle steamer was scuttled in the Ouachita River off Camden, to prevent her capture by Confederate forces. |
27 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Champion No. 5 | ![]() | American Civil War, Red River Campaign: The 184-ton sidewheel tug and pump steamer was disabled on the Red River of the South in Louisiana 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) upstream of the mouth of the Cane River by Confederate sharpshooters and cannon fire by the St. Mary's Cannoneers Louisiana Artillery Regiment. She ran aground and sank, leaving her hurricane deck and boiler deck underwater.[85][86] |
Margaret | ![]() | The smack was wrecked in the Sound of Sleat. She was on a voyage from Kessock, Inverness-shire to "Loch Gushernock".[87] |
Tycoon | ![]() | American Civil War: The 717-ton barque, carrying a cargo of expensive clothing and other merchandise from New York to San Francisco, California, was captured and burned in the Atlantic Ocean east of Salvador, Brazil, by the screw sloop-of-war CSS Alabama (![]() |
29 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Prince Arthur | ![]() | The ship foundered in the Pacific Ocean 200 nautical miles (370 km) off Newcastle, New South Wales. She was on a voyage from Newcastle to Otago, New Zealand.[89] |
Queen | ![]() | The brig ran aground on the Puttgardens Reef, in the Baltic Sea off Fehmarn, Denmark and was wrecked. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Korsør, Denmark to Gävle, Sweden.[90][91] |
30 April
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Amelia | ![]() | The schooner was lost near Point Judith, Rhode Island.[92] |
Chippewa Valley | ![]() | The 101-ton sternwheel paddle steamer struck a snag and sank in the Cumberland River 5 nautical miles (9.3 km) downstream of Gallatin Landing, Tennessee.[93] |
Falk | ![]() | The ship was wrecked near "Hagbyhamn". She was on a voyage from Kalmar to Leith, Lothian, United Kingdom.[94][21] |
Grecian | ![]() | The brig was wrecked on Nine Mile Beach, New South Wales during a gale. |
Nacootan Francisco | ![]() | The brig was wrecked on Key Cruz. Her crew survived. She was on a voyage from "Nacoitas" to London, United Kingdom.[95] |
Nor | ![]() | The ship was holed by ice and sank in the Grand Banks of Newfoundland with the loss of all but two of her crew. Survivors were rescued by Montezuma (![]() |
Unknown date
Ship | State | Description |
---|---|---|
Adelheid | ![]() | The ship struck the Orbez Bank. She was on a voyage from Buenos Aires, Argentina to Antwerp. She was refloated and put in to Monte Video, Uruguay in a leaky condition.[96] |
Alma | ![]() | The brig foundered off the Isles of Scilly, United Kingdom. Her crew were rescued.[80] |
Cactus | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore on the coast of Seine-Inférieure, France.[14] |
Camillus | ![]() | The ship foundered in the Atlantic Ocean. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from the Rio Grande to Queenstown, County Cork.[54][41] |
Casualidad | ![]() | The barque was driven ashore at Cárdenas, Cuba.[97] |
Charlotte | ![]() | The ship foundered in the North Sea before 25 April. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Nykøbing, Denmark to London, United Kingdom.[35] |
Drie Stahlen | Flag unknown | The ship caught fire and was run ashore near Havana, Cuba. She was on a voyage from Swansea, Glamorgan, United Kingdom to Havana.[97] |
Eleanor | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore at Hyannis, Massachusetts, United States. She was on a voyage from Cardiff, Glamorgan to Portland, Maine, United States.[20] |
Emma | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore on the coast of Norfolk. She was on a voyage from Gothenburg, Sweden to London. She was refloated on 29 April and towed in to Great Yarmouth, Norfolk.[21] |
Falmouth | ![]() | The full-rigged ship foundered. She was on a voyage from New York, United States to Aspinwall, United States of Colombia.[20] |
Herman | Flag unknown | The ship was driven ashore at "Longstrup". She was on a voyage from Messina, Sicily, Italy to Saint Petersburg, Russia.[26] |
Idaho | ![]() | American Civil War: The sidewheel paddle steamer was sunk accidentally in the Ohio River by a United States Navy gunboat. She later was refloated.[98] |
Juanita | ![]() | American Civil War, Union blockade: The schooner, under the control of a United States Navy prize crew after being captured off San Luis Pass, Texas, by the armed screw steamer USS Virginia (![]() |
Ludwig | ![]() | The ship was lost. She was on a voyage from Calcutta, India to Gothenburg.[80] |
Mount Vernon | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore on the Ilha de Itamaracá, Uruguay. She was on a voyage from Cardiff to São Vicente, Cape Verde Islands and Pernambuco, Brazil.[96][9] |
Muscovite | ![]() | The schooner was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean. Her six crew were rescued by Nebraska (![]() |
Oder | ![]() | The ship sank at Havana.[80] |
Presto | ![]() | The ship was wrecked at Coatzacoalcos, Mexico. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from Coatzacoalcos to Liverpool, Lancashire.[101] |
R. D. Whidden | ![]() | The barque was wrecked on Inagua, Bahamas before 18 April. She was on a voyage from Port-au-Prince, Haiti to the Clyde.[21] |
Renskernbooltees | ![]() | The ship sank of the mouth of the River Tyne.[41] |
Seringapatam | ![]() | The ship was abandoned in the Atlantic Ocean before 25 April. Her crew were rescued. She was on a voyage from New York to Queenstown.[102] |
St. Mary′s | ![]() | American Civil War: The sidewheel paddle steamer was sunk on the Alabama River in Alabama by a Confederate mine. She was refloated, repaired, and returned to service.[103] |
Teme | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore near Marianople, Russia.[36] |
Utopia | ![]() | The ship was driven ashore at Mogador, Morocco. She was on a voyage from Liverpool to Mogador[104] She was refloated on 5 April.[105] |
Two unidentified torpedo boats | ![]() | American Civil War: The torpedo boats were destroyed in a large cotton fire at Wilmington, North Carolina.[106] |
References
Notes
- ^ a b "Disasters". Portland Daily Press. Vol. III, no. 558. Portland. 18 April 1864. p. 2.
- ^ a b c d "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5089. Liverpool. 31 May 1864.
- ^ Gaines, p. 179.
- ^ Gaines, p. 10.
- ^ a b c d e f g usnlp.org Navy Chronology of the Civil War, January–June 1864
- ^ Barnette, Michael C. (2008). Florida's Shipwrecks. Arcadia Publishing. ISBN 978-0-7385-5413-6.
- ^ FJ Cantelas, BA Rodgers (1997). "Tools, Techniques, and Zero Visibility Archaeology". In: EJ Maney, Jr and CH Ellis, Jr (Eds.) the Diving for Science...1997, Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences, Seventeenth Annual Scientific Diving Symposium, Northeastern University, Boston, MA. Archived from the original on 3 April 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2009.
{{cite journal}}
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- ^ a b c "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12396. London. 3 May 1864. p. 7.
- ^ "Greenock". Glasgow Herald. No. 7571. Glasgow. 14 April 1864.
- ^ Gaines, p. 67.
- ^ a b "Ship News". The Times. No. 24838. London. 5 April 1864. col F, p. 13.
- ^ "Shipping intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5041. Liverpool. 5 April 1864.
- ^ a b c "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant. No. 9876. Newcastle upon Tyne. 8 April 1864.
- ^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12372. London. 5 April 1864. p. 7.
- ^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5042. Liverpool. 6 April 1864.
- ^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12373. London. 6 April 1864. p. 7.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Caledonian Mercury. No. 23323. Edinburgh. 7 April 1864.
- ^ a b c "Naval Disasters Since 1860". Hampshire Telegraph. No. 4250. Portsmouth. 10 May 1873.
- ^ a b c d "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5053. Liverpool. 19 April 1864.
- ^ a b c d "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12397. London. 4 May 1864. p. 7.
- ^ Gaines, p. 37.
- ^ "The Loss of the Matilda Steamer". Morning Post. No. 28214. London. 20 May 1864. p. 7.
- ^ a b c "The Bombay Mail". The Standard. No. 12377. London. 11 April 1864. p. 7.
- ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12419. London. 30 May 1864. p. 7.
- ^ a b c "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5044. Liverpool. 8 April 1864.
- ^ a b "The Bombay Mail". The Standard. No. 12375. London. 8 April 1864. p. 5.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5047. Liverpool. 12 April 1864.
- ^ Gaines, p. 136.
- ^ Gaines, p. 71.
- ^ "Ship News". The Times. No. 24843. London. 5 August 1864. col F, p. 10.
- ^ a b "Australia". The Standard. No. 12432. London. 14 June 1864. p. 7.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5043. Liverpool. 7 April 1864.
- ^ a b c d "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant. No. 9877. Newcastle upon Tyne. 15 April 1864.
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- ^ a b c d "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 8124. Liverpool. 26 April 1864.
- ^ "Dundee Shipping". Dundee Courier. No. 3341. Dundee. 23 April 1864.
- ^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12383. London. 18 April 1864. p. 7.
- ^ Winfield, Rif; Lyon, D (2004). The Sail and Steam Navy List: All the Ships of the Royal Navy 1815-1889. London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-032-6.
- ^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5048. Liverpool. 13 April 1864.
- ^ a b c d "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5051. Liverpool. 16 April 1864.
- ^ a b c d "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12382. London. 16 April 1864. p. 6.
- ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12661. London. 8 March 1865. p. 7.
- ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12425. London. 6 June 1864. p. 7.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5097. Liverpool. 9 June 1864.
- ^ a b "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12380. London. 14 April 1864. p. 7.
- ^ "Loss of a Ship Amongst the Ice". Penny Illustrated Paper. Vol. VI, no. 140. London. 4 June 1864. p. 367.
- ^ Gaines, p. 8.
- ^ Gaines, p. 68.
- ^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Caledonian Mercury. No. 23334. Edinburgh. 19 April 1864.
- ^ a b "Shipping Intelligence News". Caledonian Mercury. No. 23342. Edinburgh. 29 April 1864.
- ^ Gaines p. 171.
- ^ "Casualties and Crimes". Bury and Norwich Post. No. 4269. Bury St. Edmunds. 19 April 1864. p. 3.
- ^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Glasgow Herald. No. 7573. Glasgow. 16 April 1864.
- ^ Gaines, p. 193.
- ^ "THE LOSS OF THE WHALER EMMA". Dundee Advertiser. Dundee. 16 May 1864.
- ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12407. London. 16 May 1864. p. 7.
- ^ a b Gaines, p. 40.
- ^ Gaines, p. 69.
- ^ "The Charge of Scuttling a Ship". The Times. No. 24891. London. 6 June 1864. col C-D, p. 10.
- ^ Naval History and Heritage Command: Confederate Ships: Bombshell
- ^ Gaines, p. 115.
- ^ "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant Newcastle. No. 9883. Newcastle upon Tyne. 27 May 1864.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5054. Liverpool. 20 April 1864.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5055. Liverpool. 21 April 1864.
- ^ Gaines, p. 64.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5094. Liverpool. 6 June 1864.
- ^ a b "Dundee Shipping". Dundee Courier. No. 3379. Dundee. 7 June 1864.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Caledonian Mercury. No. 23423. Edinburgh. 3 August 1864.
- ^ Gaines, p. 128.
- ^ "Ship News". The Times. No. 24855. London. 25 April 1864. col F, p. 13.
- ^ "The Calcutta and China Mails". The Times. No. 24862. London. 3 May 1864. col B, p. 14.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5088. Liverpool. 30 May 1864.
- ^ a b c "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12390. London. 26 April 1864. p. 7.
- ^ Gaines, p. 66.
- ^ a b "Shipping Intelligence News". Glasgow Herald. No. 7583. Glasgow. 28 April 1864.
- ^ Ahoy – Mac's Web Log "Marauders of the Sea, Confederate Merchant Raiders During the American Civil War: CSS Alabama. 1862–1864. Captain Raphael Semmes"
- ^ Gaines, p. 16.
- ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12405. London. 13 May 1864. p. 7.
- ^ a b c d e "Shipping Intelligence News". Caledonian Mercury. No. 23341. Edinburgh. 28 April 1864.
- ^ "Shipping". Leeds Mercury. No. 8124. Leeds. 26 April 1864.
- ^ "The Calcutta, China and Australia Mails". The Times. No. 24875. London. 18 May 1864. col B, p. 11.
- ^ "Ship News". The Times. No. 24875. London. 18 May 1864. col F, p. 11.
- ^ Gaines, p. 61.
- ^ a b civilwarlandscapes.org Chronology Calendar Tuesday, April 26, 1864
- ^ Gaines, pp. 61–62.
- ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12398. London. 5 May 1864. p. 6.
- ^ Gaines, p. 24
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5134. Liverpool. 15 July 1864.
- ^ "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant Newcastle. No. 9881. Newcastle upon Tyne. 13 May 1864.
- ^ "Marine Intelligence". Newcastle Courant Newcastle. No. 9882. Newcastle upon Tyne. 13 May 1864.
- ^ Gaines, p. 140.
- ^ Gaines, p. 159.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5066. Liverpool. 4 May 1864.
- ^ "Mercantile Ship News". The Standard. No. 12432. London. 14 June 1864. p. 7.
- ^ a b c "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5065. Liverpool. 3 May 1864.
- ^ a b "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5050. Liverpool. 15 April 1864.
- ^ Gaines, p. 135.
- ^ Gaines, p. 169.
- ^ "Ship News". The Times. No. 24862. London. 3 May 1864. col E, p. 14.
- ^ "Ship News". The Times. No. 24864. London. 5 May 1864. col E, p. 14.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Hull Packet. No. 4138. Hull. 13 May 1864.
- ^ Gaines, pp. 6, 44.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5052. Liverpool. 18 April 1864.
- ^ "Shipping Intelligence News". Liverpool Mercury. No. 5062. Liverpool. 29 April 1864.
- ^ Gaines, p. 133.
Bibliography
- Gaines, W. Craig, Encyclopedia of Civil War shipwrecks, Louisiana State University Press, 2008 Archived 29 November 2010 at the Wayback Machine, ISBN 978-0-8071-3274-6.