Krama Inggil

Krama Inggil is a polite form of the Javanese language used in daily conversations,^[1] especially with older people. The opposite of this speaking manner is called "Boso Ngoko".^[2]^[3]^[4] Nowadays, this manner of speaking is rarely used by the residents of Java, often because it is viewed as an outdated or old fashioned manner of speaking. An example of this language is the word meaning head sirrah, "sampean" meaning you, and much more. From the framework of language ideology, some may view Bahasa Indonesia as more "modern" and "democratic," and more progressive in terms of gender ^[5]

Example and comparison

Ngoko: Aku arep mangan. ("I want to eat.")
Madyå: Kula ajeng nedha.
Krama:
- (Neutral) Kula badhé nadhi.
- (Humble) Dalem badhé nedhi.

References

^ Stuart O. Robson (1994). "Speaking to God In Javanese". L'Homme. 34 (132): 133–142. doi:10.3406/hom.1994.369832. Retrieved 10 February 2015.
^ "Seasite". Retrieved 10 February 2015.
^ "Guide Card". Retrieved 10 February 2015.
^ Wolff, John U.; Soepomo Poedjosoedarmo (1982). Communicative Codes in Central Java. Cornell Southeast Asia Program. p. 4. ISBN 0-87727-116-X.
^ Smith-Hefner, Nancy J. 2009. “Language Shift, Gender, and Ideologies of Modernity in Central Java, Indonesia.” Journal of Linguistic Anthropology 19 (1): 57–77. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1548-1395.2009.01019.x.

Javanese language

Overviews

Language
History
Script

Development

Old Javanese
Middle Javanese
Modern Javanese

Scripts

Kawi
Carakan
Pegon
Latin

Notable variant

Standardized	Kawi Modern Standard Javanese
Regional dialects	Arekan Malang Surabaya Bantenese Banyumasan Cirebon Mataraman Madiunan Semarangan Surakarta Yogyakarta New Caledonian Surinamese Osing Tenggerese

Literature
Names
Numerals
Javanese Language Congress
Javanese historical texts
Javanese poetry
Krama Inggil

Letters of the Aksara Jawa
Nglegena consonants	Ha (ꦲ) Na (ꦤ) Ca (ꦕ) Ra (ꦫ) Ka (ꦏ) Da (ꦢ) Ta (ꦠ) Sa (ꦱ) Wa (ꦮ) La (ꦭ) Pa (ꦥ) Dha (ꦢ) Ja (ꦗ) Ya (ꦪ) Nya (ꦚ) Ma (ꦩ) Ga (ꦒ) Ba (ꦧ) Tha (ꦛ) Nga (ꦔ)
Murda consonants	Ka murda (ꦑ) Ga murda (ꦓ) Na murda (ꦟ) Ta murda (ꦡ) Pa murda (ꦦ) Ba murda (ꦨ) Sa murda (ꦯ) Seldom used: Ca murda (ꦖ) Nya murda (ꦘ)
Extended consonants	Often used: Pa cerek (ꦉ) Nga lelet (ꦊ) Seldom used: Nga lelet Raswadi (ꦋ) Ra agung (ꦬ) Ka sasak (ꦐ) Ja mahaprana (ꦙ) Tha mahaprana (ꦜ) Dha mahaprana (ꦞ) Da mahaprana (ꦣ) Sa mahaprana (ꦰ)
Final and Medial Consonants	Cecak (ꦁ) Layar (ꦂ) Wignyan/visarga (ꦃ) Cakra (ꦿ) Cakra keret (ꦽ) Pengkal (ꦾ) Pangkon/virama (꧀)
Vowels	Wulu (ꦶ) Suku (ꦸ) Pepet (ꦼ) Taling (ꦺ) Tarung (ꦴ) Tolong (ꦵ) Dirga mure (ꦻ) Wulu melik (ꦷ) Suku mendut (ꦹ) Foreign: A (ꦄ) I (ꦆ) U (ꦈ) E (ꦌ) Ai (ꦍ) O (ꦎ)
Numbers	0 (꧐) 1 (꧑) 2 (꧒) 3 (꧓) 4 (꧔) 5 (꧕) 6 (꧖) 7 (꧗) 8 (꧘) 9 (꧙) Pada pangkat (꧇)
Punctuations	Pada lingsa (꧈) Pada lungsi (꧉) Pada adeg (꧊) Pada adeg-adeg (꧋) Pada piseleh (꧌ and ꧍) Pada luhur (꧅) Pada madya (꧄) Pada andhap (꧃) Pada tirta tumetes (꧞) Pada isen-isen (꧟) Pada windu (꧆) Pangrangkep (ꧏ) Cecak telu (꦳) Panyangga (ꦀ) Rerenggan (꧁ and ꧂)