Hyporthodus nigritus
Hyporthodus nigritus | |
---|---|
Conservation status | |
Near Threatened (IUCN 3.1)[1] | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Actinopterygii |
Order: | Perciformes |
Family: | Serranidae |
Subfamily: | Epinephelinae |
Genus: | Hyporthodus |
Species: | H. nigritus |
Binomial name | |
Hyporthodus nigritus (Holbrook, 1855) | |
Synonyms[2] | |
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Hyporthodus nigritus, the Warsaw grouper, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a grouper from the subfamily Epinephelinae which is part of the family Serranidae, which also includes the anthias and sea basses. It is found in the Western Atlantic from Massachusetts to the Gulf of Mexico, Cuba, Trinidad, and south to Brazil (Rio de Janeiro). Its natural habitats are open seas, shallow seas, subtidal aquatic beds, and coral reefs. It is threatened by habitat loss.[1]
The Warsaw grouper is a US National Marine Fisheries Service species of concern.[3] Species of concern are those species about which the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and National Marine Fisheries Service have some concerns regarding status and threats, but for which insufficient information is available to indicate a need to list the species under the Endangered Species Act.
Description
Hyporthodus nigritus is classified as a deep-water grouper, since they inhabit reefs on the continental shelf break in waters 180 to 1700 ft (55 to 525 m) deep; juveniles are occasionally seen on jetties and shallow-water reefs. They are the only grouper with 10 dorsal spines. They are dark reddish-brown or brownish-grey to almost black in color dorsally, and dull reddish-grey ventrally. They can very well exceed 8 ft in length. A 350 pounds (160 kg) specimen was aged at over 50 years by biologists with Florida's Fish and Wildlife Research Institute. The specimen was caught on December 29, 2019.[4]
Conservation
Hyporthodus nigritus is threatened by fishing or by catch release mortality (due to pressure change). Fishing is primarily by hook and line and bottom longlines, though the species is caught incidentally in the deepwater snapper/grouper commercial fishery. Almost all of the catch is in the Gulf of Mexico. The IUCN rates it Near Threatened[1] and the American Fisheries Society lists it as Endangered.[3]
References
- ^ a b c Aguilar-Perera, A.; Padovani-Ferreira, B.; Bertoncini, A.A. (2018). "Hyporthodus nigritus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2018: e.T7860A46909320. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T7860A46909320.en. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
- ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Hyporthodus nigritus". FishBase. December 2019 version.
- ^ a b "Warsaw Grouper Epinephelus nigritus" (PDF). Species of Concern. NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. Retrieved 20 July 2020.
- ^ "Florida man catches oldest grouper fish, 50, in state records". Times of Malta. 14 January 2020. Retrieved 14 January 2020.
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- Alphestes afer
- Alphestes immaculatus
- Alphestes multiguttatus
- Rusty hind (C. aitha)
- Blue-Spotted Grouper (C. argus)
- Golden hind (C. aurantia)
- Chocolate hind (C. boenak)
- Graysby (C. cruentata)
- Bluespotted hind (C. cyanostigma)
- Bluelined hind (C. formosa)
- Coney (C. fulva)
- Yellowfin hind (C. hemistiktos)
- Neptune grouper (C. igarashiensis)
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- Vermillion seabass (C. miniata)
- Niger hind (C. nigri)
- Vermilion hind (C. oligosticta)
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- (C. polleni)
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- Tomato hind (C. sonnerati)
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- Blue Spotted Sea Bass | (C. taeniops)
- Darkfin hind (C. urodeta)
- marbled grouper (D. inermis)
- smooth grouper (D. striolata)
- Areolate grouper (E. areolatus)
- Atlantic goliath grouper (E. itajara)
- Banded grouper (E. amblycephalus)
- Barred-chest grouper (E. faveatus)
- Black-dotted grouper (E. stictus)
- Blacksaddle grouper (E. howlandi)
- Blacktip grouper (E. fasciatus)
- Blue and yellow grouper (E. flavocaeruleus)
- Bridled grouper (E. heniochus)
- Brown-marbled grouper (E. fuscoguttatus)
- Brownspotted grouper (E. chlorostigma)
- Camouflage grouper (E. polyphekadion)
- Catface grouper (E. andersoni)
- Clipperton grouper (E. clippertonensis)
- Cloudy grouper (E. erythrurus)
- Comet grouper (E. morrhua)
- Coral grouper (E. corallicola)
- Dogtooth grouper (E. caninus)
- Dot-dash grouper (E. poecilonotus)
- Dotted grouper (E. epistictus)
- Dungat grouper (E. goreensis)
- Dusky grouper (E. marginatus)
- Duskytail grouper (E. bleekeri)
- Epaulet grouper (E. stoliczkae)
- Foursaddle grouper (E. spilotoceps)
- Giant grouper (E. lanceolatus)
- Goldblotch grouper (E. costae)
- Greasy grouper (E. tauvina)
- Halfmoon grouper (E. rivulatus)
- Highfin grouper (E. maculatus)
- Honeycomb grouper (E. merra)
- Hong Kong grouper (E. akaara)
- Longfin grouper (E. quoyanus)
- Longspine grouper (E. longispinis)
- Longtooth grouper (E. bruneus)
- Malabar grouper (E. malabaricus)
- Maori grouper (E. undulatostriatus)
- Marquesan grouper (E. irroratus)
- Moustache grouper (E. chabaudi)
- Multispotted grouper (E. gabriellae)
- Mystery grouper (E. lebretonianus)
- Nassau grouper (E. striatus)
- Netfin grouper (E. miliaris)
- Oblique-banded grouper (E. radiatus)
- Olive grouper (E. cifuentesi)
- One-blotch grouper (E. melanostigma)
- Orange-spotted grouper (E. coioides)
- Pacific Goliath grouper (E. quinquefasciatus)
- Palemargin grouper (E. bontoides)
- Plump grouper (E. trophis)
- Potato grouper (E. tukula)
- Red grouper (E. morio)
- Red hind (E. guttatus)
- Red-tipped grouper (E. retouti)
- Reticulate grouper (E. tuamotuensis)
- Rock grouper (E. fasciatomaculosus)
- Rock hind (E. adscensionis)
- Saddletail grouper (E. daemelii)
- Seamount grouper (E. suborbitalis)
- Sixbar grouper (E. sexfasciatus)
- Smallscaled grouper (E. polylepis)
- Snubnose grouper (E. macrospilos)
- Somali grouper (E. indistinctus)
- Speckled blue grouper (E. cyanopodus)
- Speckled grouper (E. magniscuttis)
- Speckled hind (E. drummondhayi)
- Spinycheek grouper (E. diacanthus)
- Spotted grouper (E. analogus)
- Starry grouper (E. labriformis)
- Starspotted grouper (E. hexagonatus)
- Striped grouper (E. latifasciatus)
- Striped-fin grouper (E. posteli)
- Summan grouper (E. summana)
- Surge grouper (E. socialis)
- Threespot grouper (E. trimaculatus)
- Tonga grouper (E. chlorocephalus)
- Twinspot grouper (E. bilobatus)
- Wavy-lined grouper (E. undulosus)
- White grouper (E. aeneus)
- White-blotched grouper (E. multinotatus)
- White-dotted grouper (E. polystigma)
- White-edged grouper (E. albomarginatus)
- Whitespotted grouper (E. coeruleopunctatus)
- White-streaked grouper (E. ongus)
- Yellow grouper (E. awoara)
- Yellowspotted grouper (E. timorensis)
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- Hyporthodus flavolimbatus (Yellowedge grouper)
- Hyporthodus haifensis (Haifa grouper)
- Hyporthodus mystacinus (Misty grouper)
- Hyporthodus nigritus (Warsaw grouper)
- Hyporthodus niphobles (Star-studded grouper)
- Hyporthodus niveatus (Snowy grouper)
- Hyporthodus octofasciatus (Eightbar grouper)
- Hyporthodus perplexus (Puzzling grouper)
- Hyporthodus quernus (Hawaiian grouper)
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- Black grouper (M. bonaci)
- Venezuelan grouper (M. cidi)
- Gulf grouper (M. jordani)
- Gag grouper (M. microlepis)
- Sailfin grouper (M. olfax)
- Sawtail grouper (M. prionura)
- Leopard grouper (M. rosacea)
- Mottled grouper (M. rubra)
- Tiger grouper (M. tigris)
- Broomtail grouper (M. xenarcha)
- Yellowfin grouper (M. venenosa)
- Scamp grouper (M. phenax)
- Yellowmouth grouper (M. interstitialis)
- Pacific creole-fish (P. colonus)
- Creole-fish (P. furcifer )
- Plectropomus areolatus
- Plectropomus laevis
- Plectropomus leopardus
- Plectropomus maculatus
- Plectropomus oligacanthus
- Plectropomus pessuliferus
- Plectropomus punctatus