Giorgio Adorno
Giorgio Adorno | |
---|---|
17th Lifetime Doge of the Republic of Genoa | |
In office 27 March 1413 – 23 March 1415 | |
Personal details | |
Born | 1350 Genoa, Republic of Genoa |
Died | 1430 |
Giorgio Adorno was a statesman who became doge of the Republic of Genoa for two years.[1] His father was Adornino Adorno and his mother Nicolosia della Rocca and his brother, Antoniotto, was elected four times as doge of the Republic. He was born c. 1350 but little is known about his youth except that he married Pietrina Montaldo, daughter of the doge Leonardo Montaldo. With her he had nine children, including the future doge Raffaele Adorno.
Mandate
In 1396, the Republic of Genoa had joined the French kingdom but regained its independence on 21 March 1413. The short-lived government of the eight rectors rapidly gave way and Giorgio was elected doge less than a week later. On the diplomatic scene, Giorgio managed to regain some of the territories that had been given away by the French governor during the occupation. In particular, the Republic bought back numerous castles and villages from the Marquesse of Monferat and the Republic of Florence and regained control of the lower Piedmont and the Riviera.
An important step in the effort to stabilize the Republic was the promulgation of the new constitution. The main points of the new regime were the greater influence granted to the doge in the system, and the official allegiance to the Ghibelline fraction. In case of vacancy of the dogeship, the sovereignty of the Republic was to pass to the council of the Twelve Ancients.
Civil war
Noble families had been locked in a series of conflict for several decades. The crisis came to an acme when Isnardo Guarco organized a revolt in the newly reconquered territories near Tuscany, but the rebellion was quickly sedated. In December 1414, Battista Montaldo led a strong Guelph faction constituted of the Spinola, Vivaldi, Grilli, Negroni, Da Mare and Imperiali families against the Ghibelline families (Fregoso, Giustiniani, Promontorio, Soprani) who supported the Adorno dogeship. Street battles and homicides unfolded despite the calls for peace by the Archbishop. Noble families that owned large tracts of land along the Rivieras as well as the Apennines and the Oltregiogo (e.g. Fieschi and Doria), took part in the street riots according to their own interests.[2] Even the communities in these regions participated in the conflict, siding with factions such as the Doria-Campofregoso and Spinola-Adorno in Savona.[2] Finally, in the early months of 1415 a truce was reached but to avoid being ousted, the doge demanded help from the Duke of Milan who sent 300 soldiers. In retaliation, the Guelph fraction asked help from the Marquesse of Monferrat.
Faced with the collapse of the city, Barnaba di Guano, Giacomo Giustiniani and Antonio Doria gathered in the cathedral of Saint Lawrence and called for the end of the conflict. Finally, they managed to convince Giorgio to renounce the dogeship. He resigned on March 1415.[3] The rule of the Republic was left to the Government of the Two Priors, Tommaso di Campofregoso and Jacopo Giustiniani. Once ousted, Giorgio Adorno obtained the governorship of Caffa and a yearly stipend of 300 ducats.
References
- ^ Britain), Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (Great (1842). The Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge, Volume I. London: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans. p. 365.
- ^ a b Benes, Carrie (2018). A Companion to Medieval Genoa. Leiden: BRILL. p. 138. ISBN 978-90-04-36001-3.
- ^ Epstein, Steven; Epstein, Steven (1996). Genoa and the Genoese, 958-1528. University of North Carolina Press. p. 326. ISBN 0-8078-2291-4.
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- Simone Boccanegra
- Giovanni I di Murta
- Giovanni II Valente
- Gabriele Adorno
- Domenico di Campofregoso
- Antoniotto I Adorno
- Nicolò Guarco
- Federico di Pagana
- Leonardo Montaldo
- Giacomo Fregoso
- Antoniotto di Montaldo
- Pietro Fregoso
- Clemente Promontorio
- Francesco Giustiniano di Garibaldo
- Niccolo Zoagli
- Antonio Guarco
- Giorgio Adorno
- Barnaba Guano
- Tomaso di Campofregoso
- Isnardo Guarco
- Battista Fregoso I
- Raffaele Adorno
- Barnaba Adorno
- Giano I di Campofregoso
- Lodovico di Campofregoso
- Pietro di Campofregoso
- Prospero Adorno
- Spinetta Fregoso
- Battista Fregoso II
- Paolo di Campofregoso
- Paolo da Novi
- Giano II di Campofregoso
- Ottaviano Fregoso
- Antoniotto II Adorno
- Oberto Cattaneo Lazzari
- Battista Spinola
- Battista Lomellini
- Cristoforo Grimaldi Rosso
- Giovanni Battista Doria
- Giannandrea Giustiniani Longo
- Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta
- Andrea Centurione Pietrasanta
- Giovanni Battista De Fornari
- Benedetto Gentile Pevere
- Gaspare Grimaldi Bracelli
- Luca Spinola
- Giacomo Promontorio
- Agostino Pinelli Ardimenti
- Pietro Giovanni Chiavica Cibo
- Girolamo Vivaldi
- Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi
- Giovanni Battista Cicala Zoagli
- Giovanni Battista Lercari
- Ottavio Gentile Oderico
- Simone Spinola
- Paolo Giustiniani Moneglia
- Giannotto Lomellini
- Giacomo Grimaldi Durazzo
- Prospero Centurione Fattinanti
- Giovanni Battista Gentile Pignolo
- Nicolò Doria
- Gerolamo De Franchi Toso
- Gerolamo Chiavari
- Ambrogio Di Negro
- Davide Vacca
- Battista Negrone
- Giovanni Agostino Giustiniani Campi
- Antonio Grimaldi Cebà
- Matteo Senarega
- Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebà
- Lorenzo Sauli
- Agostino Doria
- Pietro De Franchi Sacco
- Luca Grimaldi De Castro
- Silvestro Invrea
- Gerolamo Assereto
- Agostino Pinelli Luciani
- Alessandro Giustiniani Longo
- Tomaso Spinola
- Bernardo Clavarezza
- Giovanni Giacomo Imperiale Tartaro
- Pietro Durazzo
- Ambrogio Doria
- Giorgio Centurione
- Federico De Franchi Toso
- Giacomo Lomellini
- Giovanni Luca Chiavari
- Andrea Spinola
- Leonardo Della Torre
- Giovanni Stefano Doria
- Giovanni Francesco I Brignole Sale
- Agostino Pallavicini
- Giovanni Battista Durazzo
- Giovanni Agostino De Marini
- Giovanni Battista Lercari
- Luca Giustiniani
- Giovanni Battista Lomellini
- Giacomo De Franchi Toso
- Agostino Centurione
- Gerolamo De Franchi Toso
- Alessandro Spinola
- Giulio Sauli
- Giovanni Battista Centurione
- Gian Bernardo Frugoni
- Antoniotto Invrea
- Stefano De Mari
- Cesare Durazzo
- Cesare Gentile
- Francesco Garbarino
- Alessandro Grimaldi
- Agostino Saluzzo
- Antonio Da Passano
- Giannettino Odone
- Agostino Spinola
- Luca Maria Invrea
- Francesco Maria Imperiale Lercari
- Pietro Durazzo
- Luca Spinola
- Oberto Della Torre
- Giovanni Battista Cattaneo Della Volta
- Francesco Invrea
- Bendinelli Negrone
- Francesco Maria Sauli
- Girolamo De Mari
- Federico De Franchi Toso
- Antonio Grimaldi
- Stefano Onorato Ferretti
- Domenico Maria De Mari
- Vincenzo Durazzo
- Francesco Maria Imperiale
- Giovanni Antonio Giustiniani
- Lorenzo Centurione
- Benedetto Viale
- Ambrogio Imperiale
- Cesare De Franchi Toso
- Domenico Negrone
- Gerolamo Veneroso
- Luca Grimaldi
- Francesco Maria Balbi
- Domenico Maria Spinola
- Stefano Durazzo
- Nicolò Cattaneo Della Volta
- Costantino Balbi
- Nicolò Spinola
- Domenico Canevaro
- Lorenzo De Mari
- Giovanni Francesco II Brignole Sale
- Cesare Cattaneo Della Volta
- Agostino Viale
- Stefano Lomellini
- Giovanni Battista Grimaldi
- Gian Giacomo Veneroso
- Giovanni Giacomo Grimaldi
- Matteo Franzoni
- Agostino Lomellini
- Rodolfo Emilio Brignole Sale
- Francesco Maria Della Rovere
- Marcello Durazzo
- Giovanni Battista Negrone
- Giovanni Battista Cambiaso
- Ferdinando Spinola
- Pier Francesco Grimaldi
- Brizio Giustiniani
- Giuseppe Lomellini
- Giacomo Maria Brignole
- Marco Antonio Gentile
- Giovanni Battista Ayroli
- Gian Carlo Pallavicino
- Raffaele Agostino De Ferrari
- Alerame Maria Pallavicini
- Michelangelo Cambiaso
- Giuseppe Maria Doria
- Giacomo Maria Brignole (2nd time)