Dasineura urticae
Species of fly
| Dasineura urticae | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Pouch gall on a leaf vein | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Diptera |
| Family: | Cecidomyiidae |
| Genus: | Dasineura |
| Species: | D. urticae |
| Binomial name | |
| Dasineura urticae (Perris, 1840) | |
The nettle pouch gall develops in leaf veins, leaf petioles, flower stalks and sometimes the stem of Urtica dioica (and less commonly Urtica urens). This structure is caused by the gall midge Dasineura urticae,[1], sometimes misspelled Dasyneura urticae.[2] Obsolete synonyms are Perrisia urticae and Cecidomyia urticae.[3]
Physical appearance of the galls
The galls are irregularly shaped, smooth, often shiny, and coloured from purplish to pale green, exhibiting thickened walls, with a narrow slit-shaped opening, normally on the underside.[1] The size is from 3–8 mm. A number of galls are often found next to each other on the same or different plant structures, and they may coalesce.[1][3] The galls are mainly found around the growing apex and exhibit a wide range of forms, dependent on the organ in which they are situated.[3]
Life-cycle
White larvae live gregariously in each gall, feeding upon the plant cell contents.[1] The first generation galls are seen in spring. When larvae reach maturity, they leave the gall to pupate in the soil. Two or more generations per year are common. The last generation in autumn hibernates in the soil as larvae, pupate in spring and emerge as adults to start the next spring generation.[3]
Predators and inquilines
Sometimes larvae of other gall midge species are found in the galls together with larvae of the gall inducer. They may be inquilines, such as the obligate associate Ametrodiplosis urticae, or they may be predators, such as Lestodiplosis urticae.[1]
Distribution
The nettle pouch gall has a Eurosiberian distribution. It is widely distributed in Central and Western Europe, but the distribution extends into Southern Siberia.
References
- ^ a b c d e Redfern, Page 467
- ^ Stubbs, Page 72
- ^ a b c d Darlington, Page 141
Sources
- Darlington, Arnold (1968). The Pocket Encyclopaedia of Plant Galls in colour. Pub. Blandford Press. Dorset. ISBN 0-7137-0748-8
- Redfern, Margaret & Shirley, Peter (2002). British Plant Galls. Identification of galls on plants & fungi. AIDGAP. Shrewsbury : Field Studies Council. ISBN 1-85153-214-5.
- Stubbs, F. B. Edit. (1986) Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls. Pub. Brit Plant Gall Soc. ISBN 0-9511582-0-1.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Dasineura urticae.
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