Cholón language
Cholón | |
---|---|
Seeptsá | |
Native to | Peru |
Region | Huallaga River valley |
Native speakers | Only one native speaker (2021) |
Language family | Hibito–Cholon ?
|
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | cht |
Glottolog | chol1284 |
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Cholón (Cholona), also known as Seeptsá and Tsinganeses, is a language of Peru. It was spoken near Uchiza,[1][2] from Tingo María to Valle in the Huallaga River valley of Huanuco and San Martín regions.[3]
The language was previously thought to be extinct but a native speaker was discovered in 2021. Martha Pérez Valderrama is believed to be the last remaining speaker of Cholón.[4]
Phonology
Due to the amateur Spanish pronunciation spellings used to transcribe Cholon, its sound inventory is uncertain. The following is an attempt at interpreting them (Adelaar 2004:464).
Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | |
Plosive | p | t | k | ʔ | |
Affricate | ts | tʃ | |||
Fricative | s | ʃ | h | ||
Approximant | w | l | ʎ, j |
The vowels appeared to have been similar to Spanish [a e~ɪ i o~ʊ u].
Grammar
Cholon distinguishes masculine and feminine grammatical gender in the second person. That is, one used different forms for "you" depending on whether one was speaking to a man or a woman:
katsok | 'house' |
aktsok | 'my house' |
miktsok | 'your house' (speaking to a man) |
piktsok | 'your house' (speaking to a woman) |
intʃamma | 'what did you say?' (speaking to a man) |
intʃampa | 'what did you say?' (speaking to a woman) |
References
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png)
- ^ Loukotka, Čestmír (1968). Classification of South American Indian languages. Los Angeles: UCLA Latin American Center.
- ^ "Cholon | The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America". ailla.utexas.org. Retrieved 2024-02-09.
- ^ Eberhard, David M.; Simons, Gary F.; Fennig, Charles D., eds. (2019). "Peru languages". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (22nd ed.). Dallas: SIL International.
- ^ "Pérez Valderrama, Martha | The Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America". ailla.utexas.org. Retrieved 9 February 2024.
- Adelaar, Willem (2004). The Languages of the Andes. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-36275-7.
- Fabre, Alain. 2005. Diccionario etnolingüístico y guía bibliográfica de los pueblos indígenas sudamericanos: Cholón
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and isolates
Je–Tupi–Carib |
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Eastern Brazil | |||
Orinoco (Venezuela) |
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Andes (Colombia and Venezuela) | |||
Amazon (Colombia, Japurá–Vaupés area) | |||
Pacific coast (Colombia and Ecuador) | |||
Pacific coast (Peru) | |||
Amazon (Peru) | |||
Amazon (west-central Brazil) | |||
Mamoré–Guaporé | |||
Andes (Peru, Bolivia, and Chile) | |||
Chaco–Pampas | |||
Far South (Chile) |
- Duho
- Macro-Andean
- Macro-Arawakan
- Macro-Chibchan
- Macro-Jibaro
- Macro-Otomákoan
- Macro-Paesan
- Macro-Panoan
- Macro-Puinavean
- Macro-Warpean
- Arutani–Sape
- Bora–Witoto
- Esmeralda–Yaruroan
- Hibito–Cholon
- Je–Tupi–Carib
- Katembri–Taruma
- Mataco–Guaicuru
- Maya–Yunga–Chipayan
- Moseten–Chonan
- Quechumaran
- Saparo–Yawan
- Tequiraca–Canichana
- Wamo–Chapakura
- Amerind