As-Salih Salih
Salih | |||||
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Al-Malik as-Salih | |||||
![]() Copper alloy fals of Mamluk sultan as-Salih Salih minted in Aleppo in 1354 | |||||
Sultan of Egypt | |||||
Reign | December 1351 – October 1354 | ||||
Predecessor | An-Nasir Hasan | ||||
Successor | An-Nasir Hasan | ||||
Born | 28 September 1337 | ||||
Died | December 1360 (aged 23) | ||||
Burial | Cairo | ||||
Issue | Muhammad | ||||
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House | Qalawuni | ||||
Dynasty | Bahri | ||||
Father | An-Nasir Muhammad | ||||
Mother | Qutlumalik bint Tankiz | ||||
Religion | Islam |
As-Salih Salah ad-Din Salih ibn Muhammad ibn Qalawun (28 September 1337–1360/61, better known as as-Salih Salih, was the Mamluk sultan in 1351–1354. He was the eighth son of Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad to accede to the sultanate. He was largely a figurehead, with real power held by the senior Mamluk emirs, most prominently Emir Taz an-Nasiri.
Biography
Salih was born on 28 September 1337.[1] He was the son of Sultan an-Nasir Muhammad (r. 1310–1341) and one of his wives, Qutlumalik, the daughter of Emir Tankiz al-Husami of Damascus (r. 1312–1340).[2] As sultan, Salih often displayed public affection and respect for his mother.[3] He took his mother and his wives on a trip to Siryaqus (a resort village north of Cairo), along with several emirs and other officials.[3] There, he held a royal ceremony in honor of his mother in which he laid out her table and served her food that he personally prepared.[3] He declared her honorary sultan, accorded her regalia and assigned her servants and slave girls to play the role of her emirs.[3]
In August 1351, Salih was appointed as sultan in place of his half-brother an-Nasir Hasan.[4] His installment in the sultanate was a result of a decision by the senior Mamluk emirs, namely Taz and Baybugha in response to an-Nasir Hasan's move to assert real control over the state.[4] At the onset of Salih's reign, emirs Shaykhu and Manjak (com) (Baybugha's brother) were released.[5] In effect, Emir Taz was the ruler of the sultanate and Salih was a figurehead sultan.[4] However, Salih did assert his authority when Emir Baybugha launched a rebellion in Syria in 1352.[5] Salih led his army to Damascus and confronted the rebels.[5] Baybugha and the nuwwab (governors, sing. na'ib) of Safad, Hama and Tripoli were ultimately imprisoned, and Byabugha died while incarcerated in Aleppo later that year.[5]
Emir Shaykhu fell out with Salih and at the same time conspired with Emir Sirghitmish to oust Emir Taz from power.[5] In October 1354, the dissident emirs toppled Salih and restored an-Nasir Hasan to power, while sending Taz to Aleppo to serve as that province's na'ib (effectively exiling him).[5] Salih died in December 1360 at the age of 24.[1] He was buried in the mausoleum of his paternal grandmother, Umm Salih (wife of Qalawun) in Cairo.[1] He was survived by his son, Muhammad.[1]
References
- ^ a b c d Bauden, Frédéric. "The Qalawunids: A Pedigree" (PDF). University of Chicago. Retrieved 2016-02-25.
- ^ Bauden 2009, p. 62.
- ^ a b c d Levanoni 1995, p. 186.
- ^ a b c Al-Harithy 1996, p. 70.
- ^ a b c d e f Al-Harithy 1996, p. 78.
Bibliography
- Bauden, Frédéric (2009). "The Sons of al-Nāṣir Muḥammad and the Politics of Puppets: Where Did It All Start?" (PDF). Mamluk Studies Review. 13 (1). Middle East Documentation Center, The University of Chicago.
- Al-Harithy, Howyda N. (1996). "The Complex of Sultan Hasan in Cairo: Reading Between the Lines". In Gibb, H.A.R.; E. van Donzel; P.J. Bearman; J. van Lent (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam. BRILL. ISBN 9789004106338.
- Levanoni, Amalia (1995). A Turning Point in Mamluk History: The Third Reign of Al-Nāṣir Muḥammad Ibn Qalāwūn (1310-1341). Brill. ISBN 9789004101821.
Regnal titles | ||
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Preceded by | Mamluk Sultan December 1351 – October 1354 | Succeeded by |
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- Izz al-Din Aybak (1250–1257)
- Nur al-Din Ali (1257–1259)
- Sayf al-Din Qutuz (1259–1260)
![Flag used by the Mamluk Sultanate according to the 1375 Catalan Atlas](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Flag_of_the_Mameluke_Sultanate.png/100px-Flag_of_the_Mameluke_Sultanate.png)
![Flag used by the Mamluk Sultanate according to the 1375 Catalan Atlas](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/Flag_of_the_Mamluk_Sultanate_%28Alexandria%29.svg/100px-Flag_of_the_Mamluk_Sultanate_%28Alexandria%29.svg.png)
- Rukn al-Din Baybars (1260–1277)
- Nasir al-Din Barakah (1277–1279)
- Badr al-Din Salamish (1279)
- Sayf al-Din Qalawun (1279–1290)
- Salah al-Din Khalil (1290–1293)
- Nasir al-Din Muhammad (1293–1294)
- Zayn al-Din Kitbugha (1294–1296)
- Husam al-Din Lajin (1296–1299)
- Nasir al-Din Muhammad (1299–1309)
- Rukn al-Din Baybars al-Jashnakir (1309–1310)
- Nasir al-Din Muhammad (1310–1341)
- Sayf al-Din Abu Bakr (1341)
- Ala'a al-Din Kujuk (1341–1342)
- Shihab al-Din Ahmad (1342)
- Imad al-Din Abu'l Fida Isma'il (1342–1345)
- Sayf al-Din Sha'ban (1345–1346)
- Sayf al-Din Hajji (1346–1347)
- Badr al-Din Hasan (1347–1351)
- Salah al-Din Salih (1351–1354)
- Badr al-Din Hasan (1354–1361)
- Salah al-Din Muhammad (1361–1363)
- Zayn al-Din Sha'ban (1363–1377)
- Ala'a al-Din Ali (1377–1381)
- Salah al-Din Hajji (1381–1382)
- Sayf al-Din Barquq (1382–1389)
- As-Salih Hajji (1389–1390)
- Sayf al-Din Barquq (1390–1399)
- Nasir al-Din Faraj (1399–1405)
- Izz al-Din Abd al-Aziz (1405)
- Nasir al-Din Faraj (1405–1412)
- Al-Musta'in Billah (1412)
- Al-Mu'ayyad Shaykh (1412–1421)
- Al-Muzaffar Ahmad (1421)
- Sayf al-Din Tatar (1421)
- Al-Nasir al-Din Muhammad (1421–1422)
- Sayf al-Din Barsbay (1422–1438)
- Al-Aziz Jamal al-Din Yusuf (1438)
- Sayf al-Din Jaqmaq (1438–1453)
- Fakhr al-Din Uthman (1453)
- Sayf al-Din Inal (1453–1461)
- Shihab al-Din Ahmad (1461)
- Sayf al-Din Khushqadam (1461–1467)
- Sayf al-Din Bilbay (1467)
- Timurbugha (1467–1468)
- Sayf al-Din Qa'itbay (1468–1496)
- An-Nasir Muhammad (1496–1498)
- Abu Sa'id Qansuh (1498–1500)
- Al-Ashraf Janbalat (1500–1501)
- Sayf al-Din Tumanbay (1501)
- Qansuh al-Ghawri (1501–1516)
- Tumanbay II (1516–1517)