24th New Zealand Parliament
24th Parliament of New Zealand | |||||||||||
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Parliament House, Wellington | |||||||||||
Overview | |||||||||||
Legislative body | New Zealand Parliament | ||||||||||
Term | 23 February 1932 – 26 October 1935 | ||||||||||
Election | 1931 New Zealand general election | ||||||||||
Government | United–Reform coalition Government | ||||||||||
House of Representatives | |||||||||||
Members | 80 | ||||||||||
Speaker of the House | Charles Statham | ||||||||||
Prime Minister | George Forbes | ||||||||||
Leader of the Opposition | Michael Joseph Savage from 12 October 1933 — Harry Holland until 8 October 1933 † | ||||||||||
Legislative Council | |||||||||||
Members | 35 (at start) 28 (at end) | ||||||||||
Speaker of the Council | Sir Walter Carncross | ||||||||||
Leader of the Council | Robert Masters | ||||||||||
Sovereign | |||||||||||
Monarch | HM George V | ||||||||||
Governor-General | HE Rt. Hon. The Viscount Galway from 12 April 1935 — HE Rt. Hon. The Lord Bledisloe until 15 March 1935 | ||||||||||
Sessions | |||||||||||
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The 24th New Zealand Parliament was a term of the New Zealand Parliament. It opened on 23 February 1932, following the 1931 election. It was dissolved on 1 November 1935 in preparation for the 1935 election. The 24th Parliament was extended by one year because the 1935 election was held later than anticipated due to the ongoing depression, similarly the 1919, and the 1943 elections were held two years late, having been postponed during World War I and World War II respectively.
The Prime Minister during the 24th Parliament was George Forbes, leader of the United Party. Many commentators at the time, however, alleged that Gordon Coates, leader of the larger Reform Party, had the greater influence.
The 24th Parliament consisted of eighty representatives, each elected from separate geographical electorates.
Ministries
The 24th Parliament was led by a coalition of the Reform Party and the United Party;[1] Reform had twenty-eight seats, United had nineteen, and there were four pro-coalition independents. The primary opposition was from the Labour Party, which had twenty-four seats. The small Country Party had one seat, and there were four non-aligned independents. The distribution of seats between three large parties (also a feature of the previous parliament) was relatively unusual, as New Zealand tended towards a two-party system at the time.
The coalition government had been formed on 22 September 1931 during the term of the previous Parliament. During the difficult times of the Great Depression, Forbes had wanted to form a grand coalition with the Labour Party and the Reform Party. Labour refused, but Reform went into a coalition government with United from September 1931.[2][3]
Party standings
Start of Parliament
Party | Leader(s) | Seats at start | |
Reform Party | Gordon Coates | 28 | |
Labour Party | Harry Holland | 24 | |
United Party | George Forbes | 19 | |
Country Party | Harold Rushworth | 1 | |
Independents | 8 |
End of Parliament
Party | Leader(s) | Seats at end | |
Reform Party | Gordon Coates | 29 | |
Labour Party | Michael Joseph Savage | 24 | |
United Party | George Forbes | 16 | |
Democrat Party | Thomas Hislop (outside parliament) | 2 | |
Country Party | Harold Rushworth | 1 | |
Ratana | Eruera Tirikatene | 1 | |
Independents | 7 |
Electoral boundaries
Members
Initial MPs
The following table shows the detailed results:
Key
Reform Labour United Country Party Independent Liberal Ratana Independent
Electorate | Incumbent | Winner | Majority | Runner up | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
General electorates | |||||||
Auckland Central | Bill Parry | 3,793[6] | Harold Penfound Congdon | ||||
Auckland East | James Donald | Bill Schramm | 2,256[7] | Harold Percy Burton | |||
Auckland Suburbs | Rex Mason | 1,223 | Richard Herbert Marryatt[8] | ||||
Auckland West | Michael Joseph Savage | 4,517 | Hugh Ross Mackenzie[8] | ||||
Avon | Dan Sullivan | 3,039 | Harben Robert Young | ||||
Awarua | Philip De La Perrelle | 2,148 | Norman McIntyre[9] | ||||
Bay of Islands | Harold Rushworth | 1,209 | Allen Bell | ||||
Bay of Plenty | Kenneth Williams | Uncontested | |||||
Buller | Harry Holland | 3,631 | John Menzies[10] | ||||
Central Otago | William Bodkin | 2,516 | Charles Todd | ||||
Chalmers | Alfred Ansell | 172 | Norman Hartley Campbell | ||||
Christchurch East | Tim Armstrong | 3,206 | George Frederick Allen | ||||
Christchurch North | Henry Holland | 2,077 | Elizabeth McCombs | ||||
Christchurch South | Ted Howard | 2,798[11] | Charlie McCully[12] | ||||
Clutha | Fred Waite | Peter McSkimming | 1,530 | Fred Waite | |||
Dunedin Central | Charles Statham | 262 | Peter Neilson | ||||
Dunedin North | Jim Munro | 524 | John McCrae[13][14] | ||||
Dunedin South | William Taverner | Fred Jones | 3,644 | William Taverner | |||
Dunedin West | William Downie Stewart Jr | 924 | John Gilchrist | ||||
Eden | Arthur Stallworthy | 1,270[11] | Bill Anderton | ||||
Egmont | Charles Wilkinson | 1,308 | F. Gawith | ||||
Franklin | Jack Massey | 2,457 | Harry Oswald Mellsop[15] | ||||
Gisborne | Douglas Lysnar | David Coleman | 317[11] | Douglas Lysnar | |||
Grey Lynn | John Fletcher | John A. Lee | 3,242[6] | John Fletcher | |||
Hamilton | Alexander Young | 3,072[16] | Hubert Beebe | ||||
Hauraki | Walter William Massey | 2,750[6] | Charles Robert Petrie | ||||
Hawke's Bay | Hugh Campbell | 2,259 | Ted Cullen[17] | ||||
Hurunui | George Forbes | 3,953 | R. J. Logan[18] | ||||
Hutt | Walter Nash | 2,823 | James Kerr[nb 1] | ||||
Invercargill | Vincent Ward | James Hargest | 508 | William McChesney | |||
Kaiapoi | Richard Hawke | 1,414 | John Archer[19] | ||||
Kaipara | Gordon Coates | 2,084 | Albert Edward Robinson[20] | ||||
Lyttelton | James McCombs | 32 | Frederick Willie Freeman[21] | ||||
Manawatu | Joseph Linklater | 2,246 | Lorrie Hunter | ||||
Manukau | Bill Jordan | 3,394[11] | Stanley Rickards[8] | ||||
Marsden | Alfred Murdoch | 2,942 | Jim Barclay | ||||
Masterton | George Sykes | 1,951 | Peter Butler | ||||
Mataura | David McDougall | 943 | Thomas Golden[22] | ||||
Mid-Canterbury | David Jones | Jeremiah Connolly | 136[23] | David Jones | |||
Motueka | George Black | 517 | Keith Holyoake | ||||
Napier | Bill Barnard | 1,456 | John Butler | ||||
Nelson | Harry Atmore | 100 | Herbert Everett[24] | ||||
New Plymouth | Sydney George Smith | 3,472 | William Sheat | ||||
Oamaru | John Andrew MacPherson | 1,046[11] | John Kirkness | ||||
Oroua | John Cobbe | Uncontested | |||||
Otaki | William Hughes Field | 1,321 | Jim Thorn | ||||
Pahiatua | Alfred Ransom | Uncontested | |||||
Palmerston | Jimmy Nash | 1,245 | Joe Hodgens | ||||
Parnell | Bill Endean | 4,821[6] | John William Yarnall | ||||
Patea | Harold Dickie | 3,495 | W. G. Simpson | ||||
Raglan | Lee Martin | Stewart Reid | 806 | Lee Martin | |||
Rangitikei | James Thomas Hogan | Alexander Stuart | 15 | James Thomas Hogan | |||
Riccarton | Bert Kyle | 589 | Archibald Albany McLachlan[nb 2] | ||||
Roskill | George Munns | Arthur Shapton Richards | 171[6] | William John Holdsworth[25] | |||
Rotorua | Cecil Clinkard | 57 | Alexander Moncur | ||||
Stratford | William Polson | 1,518 | J W McMillan[nb 3] | ||||
Tauranga | Charles Macmillan | 658 | Bill Sullivan[nb 4] | ||||
Temuka | Thomas Burnett | 1,237 | Thomas Herbert Langford | ||||
Thames | Albert Samuel | 464 | John Sommerville Montgomerie[27] | ||||
Timaru | Clyde Carr | 820 | Herbert N. Armstrong[28][nb 5] | ||||
Waikato | Frederick Lye | 981 | Solomon Netheim Ziman[nb 6] | ||||
Waimarino | Frank Langstone | 591 | William Henry Wackrow | ||||
Waipawa | Albert Jull[nb 7] | 386 | John Davies Ormond, Jr.[nb 8] | ||||
Wairarapa | Thomas McDonald | Alex McLeod | 616 | Thomas McDonald | |||
Wairau | Edward Healy | 1,424 | William Girling | ||||
Waitaki | John Bitchener | 885 | Alexander McLean Paterson[30] | ||||
Waitemata | Alexander Harris | 2,378[6] | Arthur Osborne[31] | ||||
Waitomo | Walter Broadfoot | Uncontested | |||||
Wallace | Adam Hamilton | 2,842 | Peter Gilfedder[32] | ||||
Wanganui | Bill Veitch | 590 | Bill Rogers | ||||
Wellington Central | Peter Fraser | 2,471[33] | Robert Darroch | ||||
Wellington East | Bob Semple | 593[33] | Thomas Forsyth | ||||
Wellington North | Charles Chapman | 1,061[33] | George Troup | ||||
Wellington South | Robert McKeen | 2,659 | Will Appleton[34] | ||||
Wellington Suburbs | Robert Wright | 2,570[33] | Tom Brindle | ||||
Westland | James O'Brien | 1,121 | John Greenslade | ||||
Māori electorates | |||||||
Eastern Maori | Āpirana Ngata | 3,211 | Pita Moko | ||||
Northern Maori | Taurekareka Henare | 1,188 | Paraire Karaka Paikea | ||||
Southern Maori | Tuiti Makitanara | 19 | Eruera Tirikatene | ||||
Western Maori | Taite Te Tomo | 1,436 | Toko Ratana |
Table footnotes:
- ^ For some biographical details of James Kerr refer to his father's article
- ^ For some biographical details of McLachlan refer to his grandfather's article
- ^ McMillan claimed to stand for the Reform Party, but he was not the official candidate, as the United–Reform Coalition endorsed William Polson, who ran as an Independent[26]
- ^ Bill Sullivan was a member of the United Party, but Charles Macmillan was the official candidate of the United–Reform Coalition, hence Sullivan stood as an Independent
- ^ The Reform and United parties could not agree on an official coalition candidate for the Timaru electorate, so neither Armstrong (Reform) nor Herbert Hall (United) were official candidates, and many sources show them as Independents
- ^ Ziman was the father of John Ziman[29]
- ^ Jull was the official candidate of the United–Reform Coalition
- ^ Ormond was the son of John Davies Ormond and the father of John Ormond
- Four of the eight independent MPs (Connolly, Hargest, McSkimming, and Polson) were aligned with the United–Reform Coalition, and are not classified as independents by some sources.
By-elections during 24th Parliament
There were a number of changes during the term of the 24th Parliament.
Electorate and by-election | Date | Incumbent | Cause | Winner | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Southern Maori | 1932 | 3 August[35] | Tuiti Makitanara | Death | Eruera Tirikatene | ||
Motueka | 1932 | 1 December[36] | George Black | Death | Keith Holyoake | ||
Lyttelton | 1933 | 13 September[37] | James McCombs | Death | Elizabeth McCombs | ||
Buller | 1933 | 22 November[38] | Harry Holland | Death | Paddy Webb | ||
Lyttelton | 1935 | 24 July[37] | Elizabeth McCombs | Death | Terry McCombs |
Summary of changes
- Tuiti Makitanara, the United MP for Southern Maori, died on 26 June 1932. The resulting 1932 by-election was won by Eruera Tirikatene, an independent candidate associated with the Rātana religious movement.
- George Black, the independent MP for Motueka, died on 7 October 1932. The resulting 1932 by-election was won by Keith Holyoake of the Reform Party.
- James McCombs, the Labour MP for Lyttelton, died on 2 August 1933. The resulting 1933 by-election Labour victory by his wife, Elizabeth McCombs, made her the first woman to win election to the New Zealand Parliament.
- Harry Holland, leader of the Labour Party and MP for Buller, died on 8 October 1933. The resulting 1933 by-election was won by Paddy Webb, also of the Labour Party.
- Elizabeth McCombs died on 7 June 1935, twenty-two months after her husband's death, and the resulting 1935 by-election returned her son, Terry McCombs.
Notes
- ^ Scholefield 1950, pp. 48–49.
- ^ Gardner, W. J. "Forbes, George William - Biography". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 11 December 2011.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 48.
- ^ McRobie 1989, pp. 87f.
- ^ Skinner 1932, pp. 1–10.
- ^ a b c d e f "Election Counts". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 291. 9 December 1931. p. 9. Retrieved 28 October 2014.
- ^ "Recount of Votes". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 289. 7 December 1931. p. 9. Retrieved 31 October 2014.
- ^ a b c "Parliamentary Elections". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 275. 20 November 1931. p. 5. Retrieved 7 November 2014.
- ^ "Page 4 Advertisements Column 4". Akaroa Mail and Banks Peninsula Advertiser. Vol. LV, no. 5636. 1 December 1931. p. 4. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
- ^ "Buller Electorate". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 127. 25 November 1931. p. 10. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
- ^ a b c d e "Election Results". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 290. 8 December 1931. p. 3. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
- ^ "Straight Grained". New Zealand Truth. No. 1197. 8 November 1928. p. 6. Retrieved 2 November 2014.
- ^ "John McCrae". Auckland War Memorial Museum. Retrieved 9 July 2022 – via Online Cenotaph.
- ^ "Dunedin North". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 264. 7 November 1931. p. 11. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
- ^ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXVIII, no. 21053. 11 December 1931. p. 22. Retrieved 15 November 2014.
- ^ "Electors' Choice". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 286. 3 December 1931. p. 8. Retrieved 1 November 2014.
- ^ "A Coalition Certainty". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 120. 17 November 1931. p. 10. Retrieved 29 June 2014.
- ^ "In Canterbury". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 281. 27 November 1931. p. 8. Retrieved 16 November 2014.
- ^ Gustafson, Barry. "Archer, John Kendrick". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Ministry for Culture and Heritage. Retrieved 8 April 2011.
- ^ "Notice of Nominations received and Polling Places appointed". Rodney and Otamatea Times, Waitemata and Kaipara Gazette. 25 November 1931. p. 7. Retrieved 21 November 2014.
- ^ "Notice of Nominations Received and Polling Places Appointed". Akaroa Mail and Banks Peninsula Advertiser. Vol. LV, no. 5634. 24 November 1931. p. 2. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
- ^ "Mr McDougall Opposed". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 120. 17 November 1931. p. 10. Retrieved 24 November 2014.
- ^ "Public Notices". Ellesmere Guardian. Vol. LII, no. 99. 11 December 1931. p. 1. Retrieved 24 November 2013.
- ^ "Opposing Mr Atmore". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 110. 5 November 1931. p. 10. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
- ^ "Electoral". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXVIII, no. 21051. 9 December 1931. p. 18. Retrieved 2 December 2014.
- ^ "Stratford Electorate". The New Zealand Herald. Vol. LXVIII, no. 21029. 13 November 1931. p. 11. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
- ^ "Reform Triumph". The Northern Advocate. 18 June 1925. p. 5. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
- ^ Kerr, Stephen (2003). "Good Old Clyde": Clyde Carr M.P., Timaru and the Art of Incumbency, 1928–1962 (PDF) (Thesis). University of Canterbury. p. 66. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- ^ "Ziman, John Michael" (PDF). Oxford University Press. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- ^ Facer, Wayne Arthur Pickard (2012). "In New Zealand: Timaru 1923–1925". William Jellie: Unitarian, Scholar and Educator (PDF) (M.Phil.). Massey University. Retrieved 14 March 2015.
- ^ "Parliamentary Elections". Auckland Star. Vol. LXII, no. 275. 20 November 1931. Retrieved 29 October 2014.
- ^ "Declaration of Result of Poll for the Electoral District of Wallace". Otautau Standard and Wallace County Chronicle. Vol. XXVII, no. 1349. 15 December 1931. p. 2. Retrieved 15 March 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Declaration of Result of Poll for the Electoral District of Wellington Suburbs". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 140. 10 December 1931. p. 2. Retrieved 5 March 2014.
- ^ "Coalition Selection". The Evening Post. Vol. CXII, no. 117. 13 November 1931. p. 8. Retrieved 17 March 2015.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 144.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 114.
- ^ a b Scholefield 1950, p. 121.
- ^ Scholefield 1950, p. 146.
References
- McRobie, Alan (1989). Electoral Atlas of New Zealand. Wellington: GP Books. ISBN 0-477-01384-8.
- Scholefield, Guy (1950) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand Parliamentary Record, 1840–1949 (3rd ed.). Wellington: Govt. Printer.
- Skinner, W. A. G. (1932). The General Election, 1931. Government Printer. Retrieved 2 November 2014.